Abstract
Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) can effectively control weeds in rice fields, but it has been found to cause phytotoxicity in rice. In this study, the phytotoxicity of FE was mitigated by perilla leaf essential oil (PEO) in rice seedlings. The injury recovery rates (IRRs) for shoot length and fresh weight treated with 800 mg/L of PEO were 101.51% and 99.05%, respectively. Moreover, the damage of s-metolachlor and pretilachlor was also alleviated when co-applied with 800 mg/L PEO; the IRR of s-metolachlor phytotoxicity was 26.07% and 27.34%, respectively, and the IRR of pretilachlor phytotoxicity was 127.27% and 124.39%, respectively. However, PEO had no significant effect on the phytotoxicity of pinoxaden, mesotrione, penoxsulam, mesosulfuron-methyl, and nicosulfuron. The results of GC–MS analysis showed that a total of 23 components were detected in PEO, among which linalool (36.49%), linalyl formate (26.96%), α-terpineol (10.63%), 2-hexanoylfuran (5.81%), geranyl acetate (4.13%), and neryl acetate (2.30%) were the primary components. Among them, 2-hexanoylfuran was the most effective component to alleviate FE damage, for which the IRR of shoot length and fresh weight was 73.17% and 73.02%, respectively, followed by the geranyl acetate, for which the IRR was 72.32% and 60.56%, respectively, and neryl acetate, for which the IRR was 65.28% and 58.11%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of 50 mg/L of 2-hexanofuran significantly improved the tolerance of shoot length and fresh weight to FE stress by factors of 5.32 and 5.35, respectively. This research demonstrates that PEO and 2-hexanoylfuran have the potential to serve as natural safeners to reduce phytotoxicity.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
PEO mitigated FE phytotoxicity in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- perilla leaf essential oil (PEO)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity of FEe0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phytotoxicity of FE was mitigated by perilla leaf essential oil (PEO) in rice seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 800 mg/L PEO, shoot length injury recovery was 101.51%.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 mg/L of PEOe0
- Outcome
- injury recovery rates (IRRs) for shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 101.51%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury recovery rates (IRRs) for shoot length and fresh weight treated with 800 mg/L of PEO were 101.51% and 99.05%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At 800 mg/L PEO, fresh weight injury recovery was 99.05%.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 mg/L of PEOe0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Value
- 99.05%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury recovery rates (IRRs) for shoot length and fresh weight treated with 800 mg/L of PEO were 101.51% and 99.05%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PEO alleviated s-metolachlor damage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 mg/L PEOe0
- Outcome
- s-metolachlor phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- 26.07% and 27.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damage of s-metolachlor and pretilachlor was also alleviated when co-applied with 800 mg/L PEO; the IRR of s-metolachlor phytotoxicity was 26.07% and 27.34%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PEO alleviated pretilachlor damage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 800 mg/L PEOe0
- Outcome
- pretilachlor phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- 127.27% and 124.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damage of s-metolachlor and pretilachlor was also alleviated when co-applied with 800 mg/L PEO; the IRR of s-metolachlor phytotoxicity was 26.07% and 27.34%, respectively, and the IRR of pretilachlor phytotoxicity was 127.27% and 124.39%, respectively.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PEO did not significantly affect phytotoxicity from five other herbicides.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PEOe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- pinoxaden, mesotrione, penoxsulam, mesosulfuron-methyl, and nicosulfurone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEO had no significant effect on the phytotoxicity of pinoxaden, mesotrione, penoxsulam, mesosulfuron-methyl, and nicosulfuron.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
GC–MS detected 23 components in PEO.
PerillaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 23 components were detected in PEO”
t0“perilla”
Claim · model-written summary
2-hexanoylfuran was the most effective component for alleviating FE damage.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2-hexanoylfurane0
- Outcome
- FE damagee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2-hexanoylfuran was the most effective component to alleviate FE damage”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2-hexanoylfuran produced 73.17% shoot length injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- IRR of shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 73.17%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the IRR of shoot length and fresh weight was 73.17% and 73.02%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2-hexanoylfuran produced 73.02% fresh weight injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Value
- 73.02%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the IRR of shoot length and fresh weight was 73.17% and 73.02%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Geranyl acetate yielded 72.32% shoot length injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- geranyl acetatee0
- Outcome
- IRRe0
- Value
- 72.32%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“geranyl acetate, for which the IRR was 72.32% and 60.56%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Geranyl acetate yielded 60.56% fresh weight injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- geranyl acetatee0
- Outcome
- IRRe0
- Value
- 60.56%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“geranyl acetate, for which the IRR was 72.32% and 60.56%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Neryl acetate yielded 65.28% shoot length injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- neryl acetatee0
- Outcome
- IRRe0
- Value
- 65.28%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neryl acetate, for which the IRR was 65.28% and 58.11%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Neryl acetate yielded 58.11% fresh weight injury recovery.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- neryl acetatee0
- Outcome
- IRRe0
- Value
- 58.11%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neryl acetate, for which the IRR was 65.28% and 58.11%, respectively”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mg/L 2-hexanofuran improved shoot length tolerance to FE by 5.32 times.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 mg/L of 2-hexanofurane0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.32e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50 mg/L of 2-hexanofuran significantly improved the tolerance of shoot length and fresh weight to FE stress by factors of 5.32 and 5.35, respectively.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mg/L 2-hexanofuran improved fresh weight tolerance to FE by 5.35 times.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 mg/L of 2-hexanofurane0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.35e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50 mg/L of 2-hexanofuran significantly improved the tolerance of shoot length and fresh weight to FE stress by factors of 5.32 and 5.35, respectively.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify PEO and 2-hexanoylfuran as potential natural safeners.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- natural safeners to reduce phytotoxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEO and 2-hexanoylfuran have the potential to serve as natural safeners to reduce phytotoxicity.”
t0“Rice Seedlings”
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See all 211 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.