Abstract
Sucrose functions as a signaling molecule in several metabolic pathways as well as in various developmental processes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sucrose regulates these processes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that sucrose promotes flowering by mediating the stability of a regulatory protein that represses flowering in rice. Exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression. Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering. Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes. Examination of protein stability after sucrose treatment of major floral repressors revealed that the Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded. The Ghd7 protein interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1), and sucrose-induced K48-linked polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to protein degradation. Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering, confirming its role in modulating proteins involved in flowering. We conclude that sucrose acts as a signaling molecule to induce flowering by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose application promoted flowering in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous application of sucrosee0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose application induced florigen gene expression in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of sucrosee0
- Gene
- florigen genee0
- Outcome
- florigen gene expressione0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2, which reduces phloem sucrose, delayed flowering in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2e0
- Gene
- OsVIN2e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutation of the sucrose transporter OsSUT2, which reduces phloem sucrose, delayed flowering in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- the mutation of OsSUT2e0
- Gene
- OsSUT2e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen in rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose had no significant effect on the expression of other upstream floral regulatory genes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- expression of other upstream genese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated Ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes”
Claim · model-written summary
After sucrose treatment, the floral repressor Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded among the major floral repressors examined.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sucrose treatmente0
- Gene
- Ghd7 proteine0
- Outcome
- protein stabilitye0
- Direction
- degradede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Examination of protein stability after sucrose treatment of major floral repressors revealed that the Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ghd7 protein interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Ghd7 proteine0
- Outcome
- interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The Ghd7 protein interacted with the E3 ligase IPA INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (IPI1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose induced polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to Ghd7 protein degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sucrosee1
- Gene
- Ghd7e0
- Outcome
- polyubiquitination of Ghd7e0
- Direction
- leading to protein degradatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e1“(IPI1), and sucrose”
e0“polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to protein degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Mutants defective in IPI1e0
- Gene
- IPI1e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose is concluded to act as a signaling molecule that induces flowering in rice by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Ghd7e0
- Compound
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“sucrose acts as a signaling molecule to induce flowering by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1”
The same questions in other papers
sucrose · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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