Abstract
The biostimulants and fertilizers applied as foliar spray or directly to soil play a crucial role in enhancing the development and quality of coriander by supplying essential macro- and micro-nutrients. The ecological approach to reducing soil fertilizers prioritizes the utilization of foliar nutrients. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of foliar applying products on the seed yield, essential oil content and composition of coriander cultivars in Central Bulgaria. The field trial was carried out on alluvial-meadow soil type in the region of Plovdiv, Central Bulgaria, in the period 2020–2022. The experiment was conducted using the approach of fractional parcels with four repetitions. Three foliar products were examined in the relevant rates: Energy 20–8–60 – 25 L ha −1 ; Fulvin 40–22 – 80 L ha −1 ; Isabion – 30 L ha −1 . The treated plants were compared to an untreated control. The tested products were applied in the end of the budding stage to five coriander varieties: Yantar, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden, Thüringen and Marino. Results showed that the application of foliar products, compared to the control, led to an increase in seed yield by 4.2–9.6 % and essential oil content up to 11.8 %. Statistical analysis has demonstrated that the utilization of the Energy 20–8–60 has the most significant impact on the concentration of essential oils, while Isabion has the biggest influence on the quantity of seeds produced. The Isabion biostimulant increased the content of the main compound – β-linalool in the essential oil of Moroccan variety up to 8.9 % and Marino and Mesten Drebnoploden by 3.6 and 5.4 % respectively, compared to the control. The foliar application of Energy 20–8–60 fertilizer led to a decrease of β-linalool percentage in Marino, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden and Thüringen. All studied varieties exhibited the presence of aldehyde 2E-tridecen-1-al under the impact of foliar fertilizers, whereas the untreated plants did not. • Application of foliar biostimulant, mineral and organic fertilizers changed agronomic characteristics and essential oil composition of coriander varieties. • The highest seed yield was achieved in treatment with the biostimulant Isabion in all coriander varieties. • Foliar spray of 25 L ha −1 Energy, 80 L ha −1 Fulvin and 30 L ha −1 Isabion showed positive effects on the essential oil percentage. • Aldehyde 2E-tridecen-1-al appeared among essential oil profile under the impact of foliar biostimulant, mineral and organic fertilizers.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar products increased coriander seed yield by 4.2–9.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- coriander
Coriandrum sativumt0 - Treatment
- foliar productse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4.2–9.6 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of foliar products, compared to the control, led to an increase in seed yield by 4.2–9.6 % and essential oil content up to 11.8 %”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar products increased coriander essential oil content by up to 11.8%.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- foliar productse0
- Outcome
- essential oil contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- up to 11.8 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of foliar products, compared to the control, led to an increase in seed yield by 4.2–9.6 % and essential oil content up to 11.8 %”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy 20–8–60 had the strongest effect on essential oil concentration.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- Energy 20–8–60e0
- Outcome
- concentration of essential oilse0
- Direction
- most significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the utilization of the Energy 20–8–60 has the most significant impact on the concentration of essential oils”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion had the largest effect on seed quantity.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- Isabione0
- Outcome
- quantity of seeds producede0
- Direction
- biggest influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isabion has the biggest influence on the quantity of seeds produced”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion increased β-linalool content in Moroccan variety up to 8.9% versus control.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Material
- Moroccane0
- Treatment
- Isabion biostimulante0
- Outcome
- content of the main compound – β-linaloole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 8.9 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Isabion biostimulant increased the content of the main compound – β-linalool in the essential oil of Moroccan variety up to 8.9 % and Marino and Mesten Drebnoploden by 3.6 and 5.4 % respectively, compared to the control”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion increased β-linalool content in Marino by 3.6%.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Material
- Marinoe0
- Treatment
- Isabion biostimulante0
- Outcome
- content of the main compound – β-linaloole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.6e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Isabion biostimulant increased the content of the main compound – β-linalool in the essential oil of Moroccan variety up to 8.9 % and Marino and Mesten Drebnoploden by 3.6 and 5.4 % respectively, compared to the control”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion increased β-linalool content in Mesten Drebnoploden by 5.4%.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Material
- Mesten Drebnoplodene0
- Treatment
- Isabion biostimulante0
- Outcome
- content of the main compound – β-linaloole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.4 %e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Isabion biostimulant increased the content of the main compound – β-linalool in the essential oil of Moroccan variety up to 8.9 % and Marino and Mesten Drebnoploden by 3.6 and 5.4 % respectively, compared to the control”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy 20–8–60 reduced β-linalool percentage in Marino, Moroccan and Mesten Drebnoploden.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Material
- Marino, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoplodene0
- Treatment
- Energy 20–8–60 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- β-linalool percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of Energy 20–8–60 fertilizer led to a decrease of β-linalool percentage in Marino, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden and Thüringen”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy 20–8–60 reduced β-linalool percentage in Thüringen.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Material
- Thüringene0
- Treatment
- Energy 20–8–60 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- β-linalool percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of Energy 20–8–60 fertilizer led to a decrease of β-linalool percentage in Marino, Moroccan, Mesten Drebnoploden and Thüringen”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers induced 2E-tridecen-1-al in all studied coriander varieties, absent in untreated plants.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- presence of aldehyde 2E-tridecen-1-ale0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All studied varieties exhibited the presence of aldehyde 2E-tridecen-1-al under the impact of foliar fertilizers, whereas the untreated plants did not”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion gave the highest seed yield in all coriander varieties.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativume0
- Treatment
- biostimulant Isabione0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest seed yield was achieved in treatment with the biostimulant Isabion in all coriander varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Energy foliar spray had a positive effect on coriander essential oil percentage.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- 25 L ha −1 Energye0
- Outcome
- essential oil percentagee0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 25 L ha −1 Energy, 80 L ha −1 Fulvin and 30 L ha −1 Isabion showed positive effects on the essential oil percentage”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvin foliar spray had a positive effect on coriander essential oil percentage.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- 80 L ha −1 Fulvine0
- Outcome
- essential oil percentagee0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 25 L ha −1 Energy, 80 L ha −1 Fulvin and 30 L ha −1 Isabion showed positive effects on the essential oil percentage”
t0“coriander”
Claim · model-written summary
Isabion foliar spray had a positive effect on coriander essential oil percentage.
- Taxon
- corianderCoriandrum sativumt0
- Treatment
- 30 L ha −1 Isabione0
- Outcome
- essential oil percentagee0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 25 L ha −1 Energy, 80 L ha −1 Fulvin and 30 L ha −1 Isabion showed positive effects on the essential oil percentage”
t0“coriander”
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