Abstract
Wheat, a staple cereal crop, faces challenges due to climate change and increasing global population. Maintaining genetic diversity is vital for developing drought-tolerant cultivars. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and drought response of five wheat cultivars and their corresponding F1 hybrids under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Molecular profiling using ISSR and SCoT-PCR markers revealed 28 polymorphic loci out of 76 amplified. A statistically significant impact of parental genotypes and their crosses was observed on all investigated agro-morphological traits, including root length, root weight, shoot length, shoot weight, proline content, spikelet number/spike, spike length, grain number/spike, and grain weight/spike. The parental genotypes P1 and P3 had desirable positive and significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, and root length under well-watered conditions, while P3 and P5 recorded the highest GCA estimates under drought stress. P3 and P4 showed the highest GCA effects for number of spikelets per spike, the number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under normal conditions. P5 presented the maximum GCA effects and proved to be the best combiner under drought stress conditions. The cross P1× P3 showed the highest positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for shoot fresh weight under normal conditions, while P2×P3 excelled under water deficit conditions. P1× P2, P1 × P3, and P4× P5 were most effective for shoot dry weight under normal conditions, whereas P1×P3 and P3×P5 showed significant SCA effects under drought stress. Positive SCA effects for root fresh weight and shoot length were observed for P3×P5 under stressed conditions. Additionally, P4×P5 consistently recorded the highest SCA for root length in both environments, and P3×P5 excelled in the number of spikelets, grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under drought conditions. The evaluated genotypes were categorized based on their agronomic performance under drought stress into distinct groups ranging from drought-tolerant genotypes (group A) to drought-sensitive ones (group C). The genotypes P5, P2×P5, and P3×P5 were identified as promising genotypes to improve agronomic performance under water deficit conditions. The results demonstrated genetic variations for drought tolerance and highlighted the potential of ISSR and SCoT markers in wheat breeding programs for developing drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Parental genotypes and their crosses significantly affected all investigated agro-morphological traits in bread wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- parental genotypes and their crossese1
- Outcome
- agro-morphological traitse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“A statistically significant impact of parental genotypes and their crosses was observed on all investigated agro-morphological traits”
Claim · model-written summary
ISSR and SCoT-PCR markers revealed 28 polymorphic loci out of 76 amplified in the wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- polymorphic locie2
- Value
- 28 polymorphic loci out of 76 amplifiede2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e2“Molecular profiling using ISSR and SCoT-PCR markers revealed 28 polymorphic loci out of 76 amplified”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental genotypes P1 and P3 had positive and significant GCA effects for shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight under well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P1 and P3e3
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weighte3
- Direction
- positivee3
- Qualifier
- well-watered conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e3“The parental genotypes P1 and P3 had desirable positive and significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, and root length under well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Parental genotypes P1 and P3 had positive and significant GCA effects for root dry weight, shoot length and root length under well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P1 and P3e3
- Outcome
- root dry weight, shoot length, and root lengthe3
- Direction
- positivee3
- Qualifier
- well-watered conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e3“The parental genotypes P1 and P3 had desirable positive and significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot length, and root length under well-watered conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 and P5 recorded the highest GCA estimates under drought stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P3 and P5e4
- Treatment
- drought stresse4
- Outcome
- GCA estimatese4
- Direction
- higheste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e4“P3 and P5 recorded the highest GCA estimates under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 and P4 had the highest GCA effects for spikelet number, grain number and grain weight per spike under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P3 and P4e5
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spike, the number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spikee5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Qualifier
- normal conditionse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e5“P3 and P4 showed the highest GCA effects for number of spikelets per spike, the number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
P5 had the maximum GCA effects and was the best combiner under drought stress conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P5e6
- Treatment
- drought stress conditionse6
- Outcome
- GCA effectse6
- Direction
- maximume6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e6“P5 presented the maximum GCA effects and proved to be the best combiner under drought stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross P1× P3 had the highest positive SCA effects for shoot fresh weight under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P1× P3e7
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte7
- Direction
- highest positivee7
- Qualifier
- normal conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e7“The cross P1× P3 showed the highest positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for shoot fresh weight under normal conditions, while P2×P3 excelled under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross P2×P3 excelled in specific combining ability under water deficit conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P2×P3e7
- Treatment
- water deficit conditionse7
- Outcome
- specific combining ability (SCA) effectse7
- Direction
- excellede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e7“The cross P1× P3 showed the highest positive specific combining ability (SCA) effects for shoot fresh weight under normal conditions, while P2×P3 excelled under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The crosses P1× P2, P1× P3 and P4× P5 were most effective for shoot dry weight under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P1× P2, P1 × P3, and P4× P5e1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Qualifier
- normal conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“P1× P2, P1 × P3, and P4× P5 were most effective for shoot dry weight under normal conditions, whereas P1×P3 and P3×P5 showed significant SCA effects under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The crosses P1× P3 and P3× P5 showed significant SCA effects for shoot dry weight under drought stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P1×P3 and P3×P5e1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- SCA effectse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“P1× P2, P1 × P3, and P4× P5 were most effective for shoot dry weight under normal conditions, whereas P1×P3 and P3×P5 showed significant SCA effects under drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross P3×P5 had positive SCA effects for root fresh weight and shoot length under stressed conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P3×P5e1
- Treatment
- stressed conditionse1
- Outcome
- root fresh weight and shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- Positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“Positive SCA effects for root fresh weight and shoot length were observed for P3×P5 under stressed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross P4×P5 had the highest SCA for root length in both environments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P4×P5e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- both environmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“P4×P5 consistently recorded the highest SCA for root length in both environments”
Claim · model-written summary
The cross P3×P5 excelled in spikelet number, grain number and grain weight per spike under drought conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P3×P5e1
- Treatment
- drought conditionse1
- Outcome
- number of spikelets, grains per spike, and grain weight per spikee1
- Direction
- excellede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“P3×P5 excelled in the number of spikelets, grains per spike, and grain weight per spike under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluated genotypes were grouped by agronomic performance under drought stress, from drought-tolerant (group A) to drought-sensitive (group C).
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- evaluated genotypese1
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- agronomic performance under drought stresse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“The evaluated genotypes were categorized based on their agronomic performance under drought stress into distinct groups”
Claim · model-written summary
The genotypes P5, P2×P5 and P3×P5 were identified as promising to improve agronomic performance under water deficit conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- P5, P2×P5, and P3×P5e1
- Treatment
- water deficit conditionse1
- Outcome
- improve agronomic performancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“The genotypes P5, P2×P5, and P3×P5 were identified as promising genotypes to improve agronomic performance under water deficit conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The evaluated wheat genotypes show genetic variation for drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- genetic variations for drought tolerancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat, a staple cereal crop”
e1“The results demonstrated genetic variations for drought tolerance”