Abstract
Known mycotoxins have been investigated for years. They have been included in legislation and are meticulously controlled in most cereals, cereal-related products, and raw materials of animal origin. However, there are still mycotoxins that need to be addressed by regulations and subsequently are not monitored but can still occur in relatively high concentrations. This research aimed to assess the occurrence of common Fusarium mycotoxins in hulled barley. Samples of hulled barley were treated in the field with two protective treatments, alongside a control sample sans treatment. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in the chosen samples. The results have shown that Fusarium mycotoxins were mostly determined by climatic conditions (no mycotoxins in 2020, except siccanol). Most interesting was the appearance of infectopyron, an Alternaria toxin that was detected in all samples in 2019 and in the majority of samples in 2020. The highest concentration was detected in 2019 in hulled barley with 536 µg/kg, while in 2020, the highest concentration of this mycotoxin reached 350 µg/kg. These findings depict the need for further research on food safety regarding mycotoxins, and the need for additional changes in legislation. This investigation shows that fungicide application in rainy years cannot efficiently suppress mycotoxin production. Additionally, even in dry years, some of the mycotoxins not involved in legislation, such as infectopyron and siccanol, do not respond to the application of fungicides.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium mycotoxins varied mostly with climate; none were found in 2020 except siccanol.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- Fusarium mycotoxinse0
- Qualifier
- no mycotoxins in 2020, except siccanole0
- Setting
- 2020e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results have shown that Fusarium mycotoxins were mostly determined by climatic conditions (no mycotoxins in 2020, except siccanol).”
t0“Brewing Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Infectopyron appeared in all 2019 and most 2020 barley samples.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- infectopyrone0
- Qualifier
- all samples in 2019 and in the majority of samples in 2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most interesting was the appearance of infectopyron, an Alternaria toxin that was detected in all samples in 2019 and in the majority of samples in 2020.”
t0“Brewing Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest infectopyron concentration in 2019 was 536 µg/kg.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration was detected in 2019 in hulled barley with 536 µg/kg, while in 2020, the highest concentration of this mycotoxin reached 350 µg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest infectopyron concentration in 2020 was 350 µg/kg.
Verbatim
e0“The highest concentration was detected in 2019 in hulled barley with 536 µg/kg, while in 2020, the highest concentration of this mycotoxin reached 350 µg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application in rainy years did not efficiently suppress mycotoxin production.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- mycotoxin productione0
- Direction
- cannot efficiently suppresse0
- Qualifier
- rainy yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This investigation shows that fungicide application in rainy years cannot efficiently suppress mycotoxin production.”
t0“Brewing Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
infectopyron did not respond to fungicide application even in dry years.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of fungicidese0
- Outcome
- infectopyrone0
- Direction
- do not responde0
- Qualifier
- even in dry yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, even in dry years, some of the mycotoxins not involved in legislation, such as infectopyron and siccanol, do not respond to the application of fungicides.”
t0“Brewing Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
siccanol did not respond to fungicide application even in dry years.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of fungicidese0
- Outcome
- siccanole0
- Direction
- do not responde0
- Qualifier
- even in dry yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, even in dry years, some of the mycotoxins not involved in legislation, such as infectopyron and siccanol, do not respond to the application of fungicides.”
t0“Brewing Barley”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · disease · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.