Abstract
In agro-ecosystems, several weeds, crops, agroforestry trees including fruit trees are known to exert allelopathic influence on crops thus affecting their germination and growth. This study evaluated the effect of Annona muricata extracts on the germination and seedling growth of Persea americana. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD)separately for leaf, root and leaf/root extracts of A. muricata. Data were collected on germination emergence, germination duration, germination percentage, seedling height, collar diameter, leaf production, biomass and moisture content. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the measured growth attributes of P. americana among soils treated with different volumes (0ml, 25ml, 50ml, and 100ml) of A. muricata extracts, separately for leaf, root, and root/leaf extracts. Plumule emergence of P. americana was earliest in soils treated with 25ml/50ml/100ml of A. muricata leaf extract; earliest at 50ml in soils treated with root extract and earliest at 50ml/75ml/100ml in soils treated with leaf/root extract. Duration of emergence was shortest with 25ml of leaf extract, 100 ml of root extract and 50ml/100ml of leaf/root extract. Germination percentage improved with soil amendment using A. muricata extract especially the leaf extract and a combination of leaf/root extracts. In majority of the cases, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in seedling height and collar diameter but the leaf extract increased the mean values of both number of leaves and seedling height. Meanvalues of seedling biomass and moisture content of P. americana were enhanced with the application of leaf extract especially. Soil amendment with extracts from different parts of A. muricata enhanced plumule emergence and seedling growth of P. americana while the leaf and a combination of leaf/root extracts enhanced germination of its seeds.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Annona leaf extract at 25, 50 or 100 ml gave earliest Persea plumule emergence.
- Taxon
- P. americana
Persea americanae0 - Treatment
- 25ml/50ml/100ml of A. muricata leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricata
Annona muricatae0other - Outcome
- Plumule emergencee0
- Direction
- earlieste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plumule emergence of P. americana was earliest in soils treated with 25ml/50ml/100ml of A. muricata leaf extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extract at 50 ml gave earliest Persea plumule emergence.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- 50ml in soils treated with root extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- Plumule emergencee1
- Direction
- earlieste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“earliest at 50ml in soils treated with root extract”
e1“Plumule emergence of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf/root extract at 50, 75 or 100 ml gave earliest plumule emergence.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- 50ml/75ml/100ml in soils treated with leaf/root extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- Plumule emergencee1
- Direction
- earlieste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“earliest at 50ml/75ml/100ml in soils treated with leaf/root extract”
e1“Plumule emergence of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract at 25 ml produced the shortest emergence duration.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- 25ml of leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- Duration of emergencee0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Duration of emergence was shortest with 25ml of leaf extract”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extract at 100 ml produced the shortest emergence duration.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- 100 ml of root extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- Duration of emergencee0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Duration of emergence was shortest with 25ml of leaf extract, 100 ml of root extract”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf/root extract at 50 or 100 ml produced the shortest emergence duration.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- 50ml/100ml of leaf/root extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- Duration of emergencee0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Duration of emergence was shortest with 25ml of leaf extract, 100 ml of root extract and 50ml/100ml of leaf/root extract”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Annona leaf extract improved Persea germination percentage.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- the leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae0other
- Outcome
- Germination percentagee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination percentage improved with soil amendment using A. muricata extract especially the leaf extract”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined leaf/root extract improved Persea germination percentage.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- a combination of leaf/root extractse0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae0other
- Outcome
- Germination percentagee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination percentage improved with soil amendment using A. muricata extract especially the leaf extract and a combination of leaf/root extracts”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling height and collar diameter usually did not differ significantly among extract treatments.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- A. muricata extractse2
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- seedling height and collar diametere0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In majority of the cases, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in seedling height and collar diameter”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract increased mean leaf number and seedling height.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae1
- Treatment
- the leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae2other
- Outcome
- number of leaves and seedling heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf extract increased the mean values of both number of leaves and seedling height”
e1“growth attributes of P. americana”
e2“A. muricata extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extract enhanced Persea seedling biomass and moisture content.
- Taxon
- P. americanaPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- application of leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- A. muricataAnnona muricatae1other
- Outcome
- seedling biomass and moisture contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanvalues of seedling biomass and moisture content of P. americana were enhanced with the application of leaf extract especially”
e1“A. muricata extracts”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.