Abstract
Trivalent chromium [Cr (III)] is a frequently detected environmental contaminant that negatively affects plant metabolism, growth, and yield. Plant secondary metabolites are non-nutrient compounds involved in diverse physiological functions in response to abiotic stresses. This study performed biochemical and transcriptomic analyses to clarify the protective role and mechanisms of secondary metabolites in rice seedlings under Cr(III) stress. The content of measured secondary metabolites i.e., total soluble phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin in rice tissues was significantly enhanced under Cr(III) exposure. Additionally, the activities of several enzymes including chalcone synthase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and anthocyanidin synthase, were positively activated. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cr(III)-treated rice seedlings and their expression patterns are tissue-specific. Additionally, the DEGs involved in secondary metabolism pathways were evident after KEGG enrichment analysis. Cr(III) exposure resulted in distinct genetic regulation strategies in rice tissues, with different DEGs activating various sub-pathways in the secondary metabolism pathways to cope with Cr(III) stress. Furthermore, the integrated correlation analysis of the secondary metabolites and transcriptome data identified key genes involved in different steps of the sub-pathways of secondary metabolism pathway in rice plants under Cr(III) stress. This study indicates that the accumulation of secondary metabolites in rice plants is a survival and detoxification strategy to reduce the adverse effects of toxic compounds. Future research should explore how key genes in secondary metabolism pathways aid in Cr(III) detoxification and enhance crop stress tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) significantly increased total soluble phenolics in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) exposuree0
- Outcome
- total soluble phenolicse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of measured secondary metabolites i.e., total soluble phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin in rice tissues was significantly enhanced under Cr(III) exposure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) significantly increased flavonoids in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) exposuree0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of measured secondary metabolites i.e., total soluble phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin in rice tissues was significantly enhanced under Cr(III) exposure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) significantly increased lignin in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) exposuree0
- Outcome
- lignine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of measured secondary metabolites i.e., total soluble phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin in rice tissues was significantly enhanced under Cr(III) exposure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) significantly increased anthocyanin in rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) exposuree0
- Outcome
- anthocyanine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of measured secondary metabolites i.e., total soluble phenolics, flavonoids, lignin, and anthocyanin in rice tissues was significantly enhanced under Cr(III) exposure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) activated chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonialyase activities.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trivalent chromiumt1
- Gene
- chalcone synthasee0
- Outcome
- activities of several enzymese0
- Direction
- positively activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice plants”
t1“Trivalent chromium”
e0“Additionally, the activities of several enzymes including chalcone synthase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and anthocyanidin synthase, were positively activated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) activated peroxidase and anthocyanidin synthase activities.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trivalent chromiumt1
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activities of several enzymese0
- Direction
- positively activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice plants”
t1“Trivalent chromium”
e0“Additionally, the activities of several enzymes including chalcone synthase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and anthocyanidin synthase, were positively activated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III)-treated rice seedlings had differentially expressed genes with tissue-specific expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Cr(III)e0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Qualifier
- expression patterns are tissue-specifice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Cr(III)-treated rice seedlings and their expression patterns are tissue-specific.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathway enrichment revealed DEGs involved in secondary metabolism.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- DEGs involved in secondary metabolism pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice plants”
e0“the DEGs involved in secondary metabolism pathways were evident after KEGG enrichment analysis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr(III) exposure induced distinct tissue-specific genetic regulation across secondary metabolism sub-pathways.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rice tissuese0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) exposuree0
- Gene
- DEGse0
- Outcome
- distinct genetic regulation strategiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr(III) exposure resulted in distinct genetic regulation strategies in rice tissues, with different DEGs activating various sub-pathways in the secondary metabolism pathways to cope with Cr(III) stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated metabolite-transcriptome correlations identified key genes in rice secondary metabolism.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cr(III) stresse0
- Outcome
- key genes involved in different steps of the sub-pathways of secondary metabolism pathwaye0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integrated correlation analysis of the secondary metabolites and transcriptome data identified key genes involved in different steps of the sub-pathways of secondary metabolism pathway in rice plants under Cr(III) stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret secondary metabolite accumulation as a survival and detoxification strategy under chromium stress.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- survival and detoxification strategye0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of secondary metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation of secondary metabolites in rice plants is a survival and detoxification strategy to reduce the adverse effects of toxic compounds.”
The same questions in other papers
chromium atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.