Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is among the world's principal oilseed crops. Millions of small farmers cultivate it as a valuable cash crop because of its nutritional and economic value. Rhizoctonia Blight of Groundnut caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is the most destructive disease that causes huge economic losses in most of the groundnut growing regions. An integrated management strategy was used to combine the use of bio-control agents, organic amendments, and fungicides alone as well as in combinations with various delivery methods. The results revealed that application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed was found to be effective with the lowest PDI (17.00 %), maximum germination percentage (97.10%), shoot length (35.3 cm), root length (9.83 cm), number of pods per plant (30.00) and pod yield (3978.86 kg ha-1) with the highest Benefit-Cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 4.60, followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed with PDI (19.2 %), germination percentage (94.7 %), shoot length (30.6cm), root length (9.61cm), number of pods per plant (27.00) and pod yield (3490.44kg ha-1) with the Benefit-Cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 3.96. All the treatments showed effectiveness in controlling the disease to some extent, but better control and increased yield were recorded in combination treatments compared to single treatments.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment had the lowest disease index, 17.00%.
- Taxon
- Groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie2pathogen - Second interactor
- T. asperellume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- PDIe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 17.00 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed was found to be effective with the lowest PDI (17.00 %)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“Rhizoctonia Blight of Groundnut caused by Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment gave maximum germination, 97.10%.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 97.10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest PDI (17.00 %), maximum germination percentage (97.10%), shoot length (35.3 cm), root length (9.83 cm), number of pods per plant (30.00) and pod yield (3978.86 kg ha-1)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment gave shoot length of 35.3 cm.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 35.3 cme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length (35.3 cm)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment gave root length of 9.83 cm.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 9.83 cme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (9.83 cm)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment gave 30.00 pods per plant.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Value
- 30.00e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of pods per plant (30.00)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment gave pod yield of 3978.86 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Value
- 3978.86 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod yield (3978.86 kg ha-1)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The four-component treatment had the highest benefit-cost ratio, 4.60.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Benefit-Cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest Benefit-Cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 4.60”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“treatment of seeds with Tebuconazole @ 1.5g/kg of seed + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment had a disease index of 19.2%.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. asperellume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- PDIe0
- Value
- 19.2 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed with PDI (19.2 %)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment gave germination of 94.7%.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Value
- 94.7 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage (94.7 %)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment gave shoot length of 30.6cm.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 30.6cme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length (30.6cm)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment gave root length of 9.61cm.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 9.61cme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (9.61cm)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment gave 27.00 pods per plant.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Value
- 27.00e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of pods per plant (27.00)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment gave pod yield of 3490.44kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Value
- 3490.44kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod yield (3490.44kg ha-1)”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-component treatment had a benefit-cost ratio of 3.96.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seede2
- Interactor
- T. asperellume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Benefit-Cost ratioe0
- Value
- 3.96e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit-Cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 3.96”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“followed by application of Neem seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + application of Mustard seed cake to the soil @ 500 kg/ha + treatment of seeds with T. asperellum @ 10g/kg of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination treatments controlled disease better than single treatments.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- combination treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie2pathogen
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- single treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better control and increased yield were recorded in combination treatments compared to single treatments”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
e2“Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Combination treatments increased yield relative to single treatments.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- combination treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better control and increased yield were recorded in combination treatments compared to single treatments”
e1“Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)”
The same questions in other papers
tebuconazole · Rhizoctonia solani · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.