Abstract
With its direct or indirect reliance on agriculture for a living, the Indian economy is heavily dependent on this industry. Food insecurity is a result of decreased agriculture productivity due to growing contamination and pollution. Biochar is an organic carbon bound environment friendly material known for enhancing soil functions and plant growth. On the other hand, compost is an organic, nutrient-rich product that is formed by an aerobic process and is used as an amendment. Both of these have numerous benefits as amendment in the soil-plant system. This is a complete study on the effects of applying biochar and compost separately and in combination at ratios of 0 %, 1 %, and 2 % in a cadmium contaminated soil (0 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg Cd). Their effect was studied on the soil characteristics, seed germination, morphology, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in spinach plant grown in contaminated soil in Chhattisgarh state, India. The results depicted that combination of biochar and compost was beneficial in improving soil-plant productivity. Compost and biochar mixtures improved the soil quality and decreased Cd concentration. When comparing the biochar-compost combination to either biochar or compost alone, the plant morphological changes and chlorophyll content increased to a greater extent in their combined application. Proline content and enzymatic activities were similarly enhanced in the biochar-compost mixture. Their amendment showed effective potential in improving spinach growth and development in the polluted soil.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and compost mixtures improved soil quality.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- Compost and biochar mixturese0
- Outcome
- soil qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost and biochar mixtures improved the soil quality and decreased Cd concentration.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and compost mixtures decreased soil Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.Spinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- Compost and biochar mixturese0
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost and biochar mixtures improved the soil quality and decreased Cd concentration.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and compost increased plant morphological changes more than either amendment alone.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.Spinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- biochar-compost combinatione0
- Outcome
- plant morphological changese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- either biochar or compost alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When comparing the biochar-compost combination to either biochar or compost alone, the plant morphological changes and chlorophyll content increased to a greater extent in their combined application.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined biochar and compost increased chlorophyll content more than either amendment alone.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.Spinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- biochar-compost combinatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- either biochar or compost alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When comparing the biochar-compost combination to either biochar or compost alone, the plant morphological changes and chlorophyll content increased to a greater extent in their combined application.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and compost mixture enhanced proline content.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.Spinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- biochar-compost mixturee0
- Outcome
- Proline contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content and enzymatic activities were similarly enhanced in the biochar-compost mixture.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and compost mixture enhanced enzymatic activities.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea L.Spinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- biochar-compost mixturee0
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content and enzymatic activities were similarly enhanced in the biochar-compost mixture.”
t0“Spinacia oleracea L.”
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