Abstract
Supplementing soybean plants with phosphorus (P) and inoculation with effective rhizobia (Rh) strains enhance grain yield and profits and promotes sustainable agricultural practices in Nigeria. Limited field data exists on the effects of P forms (e.g., less soluble rock-P) on yield improvement with Rh or alone. We conducted a study where we grew soybeans in two agroecological zones (AEZs), i.e., Sudan (SS) and the Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The P-treatments included no phosphorus (no-P), half the recommended amount of less soluble rock phosphate (RP), plus half the amount of water-soluble triple super phosphate (TSP). Soybean plants were subjected to one of the three different strains of Bradyrhizobia: Bradyrhizobium elkanii (Be), B. japonicum (Bj), or B. diazoefficiens strain (Bd). Control and nitrogen (40 kg N ha −1 ) treatments were included. The number of nodules, dry weights (DW), and shoot biomass weight were measured at flowering. A linear mixed model predicted grain yield and nodules DW variables from the managed and environmental factors, including manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), and the two AEZs. Soybean yield for ½RP + ½TSP gave a 27.4% relative increase to the control. Plants inoculated with the Be strain displayed the highest grain yield under the NGS soils. The linear mixed regression explained the yield and nodule variation with a trained root means square value of 0.87 and 0.82, respectively. The P sources, Rh inoculation, and the inoculated strains explained the yield variation well. Additionally, the soil-Mn content negatively impacted the yield, while the increasing soil-Mg enhanced nodule dry weight. Studies on the required Mn availability and forms in soil and the threshold concentrations of Mg for optimal N 2 fixation and yield of soybeans are discussed.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The combined phosphorus sources increased soybean yield by 27.4% relative to control.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- ½RP + ½TSPe0
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27.4%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield for ½RP + ½TSP gave a 27.4% relative increase to the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Be-inoculated soybean had the highest grain yield in NGS soils.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculated with the Be straine0
- Interactor
- Bee0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- NGS soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with the Be strain displayed the highest grain yield under the NGS soils.”
e1“Soybean plants were subjected to one of the three different strains of Bradyrhizobia: Bradyrhizobium elkanii (Be)”
Claim · model-written summary
The regression predicted soybean yield with a trained root means square value of 0.87.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 0.87e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The linear mixed regression explained the yield and nodule variation with a trained root means square value of 0.87 and 0.82, respectively.”
e1“Soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The regression predicted nodule variation with a trained root means square value of 0.82.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- nodule variatione0
- Value
- 0.82e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The linear mixed regression explained the yield and nodule variation with a trained root means square value of 0.87 and 0.82, respectively.”
e1“Soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus sources, rhizobial inoculation, and strain identity explained soybean yield variation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- P sources, Rh inoculation, and the inoculated strainse0
- Outcome
- yield variatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P sources, Rh inoculation, and the inoculated strains explained the yield variation well.”
e1“Soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil manganese content was negatively associated with soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Compound
- soil-Mne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil-Mn content negatively impacted the yield”
e1“Soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil magnesium was associated with enhanced soybean nodule dry weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Compound
- soil-Mge0
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing soil-Mg enhanced nodule dry weight”
e1“Soybean plants”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
490 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
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