Abstract
Gladiolus grandiflorus L. is widely grown in most regions of Pakistan. However, propagules production per unit area is not sufficient. Therefore, pot experiments were undertaken at the Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar during 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 with the aim of investigating the effect of different soil compositions (substrates) and growth conditions on corms and cormels production. The experiment was performed according to two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), repeated twice. For the first time four substrates, i.e. Clay+Silt (2:1), Farmyard manure (FYM)+Clay+Silt (1:1:1), Poultry manure (PM)+Clay+Silt (1:2:2) and PM+FYM+Clay+Silt (1:1:2:2), were used at different growth conditions, i.e. Control, Single lath, Double lath, Plastic and Double lath+Plastic, to explore their effects on corms yield. The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content, spikes emergence, spike length, plant height, flowers opening, number of florets per spike, number of corms and cormels per plant, fresh weight and diameter of corms in both seasons. The PM+Clay+Silt substrate had shown negative results in the first season. However, this noxious effect was minimised during the second trial. Among growth conditions, Single lath shade significantly enhanced spike length and all corm yielding parameters. Thus, treatments of FYM+Clay+Silt (1:1:1) and Single lath shade were found to be effectual in obtaining the maximum number of corms and cormels of Gladiolus grandiflorus L. in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt significantly increased leaf number, leaf area, and chlorophyll content in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.
Gladiolus grandiflorust0 - Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silte0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content”
e1“in both seasons.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt significantly increased spike emergence, spike length, and plant height in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silte1
- Outcome
- spikes emergence, spike length, plant heighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spikes emergence, spike length, plant height”
e1“The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated”
e2“in both seasons.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt significantly increased flower opening and florets per spike in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silte1
- Outcome
- flowers opening, number of florets per spikee0
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flowers opening, number of florets per spike”
e1“The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated”
e2“in both seasons.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt significantly increased corm and cormel number, and corm fresh weight, in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silte1
- Outcome
- number of corms and cormels per plant, fresh weighte0
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of corms and cormels per plant, fresh weight”
e1“The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt significantly increased corm diameter in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silte1
- Outcome
- diameter of cormse0
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diameter of corms in both seasons”
e1“The FYM+Clay+Silt substrate significantly stimulated”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
PM+Clay+Silt had negative results in the first season.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- PM+Clay+Silte0
- Outcome
- negative resultse0
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The PM+Clay+Silt substrate had shown negative results in the first season.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The harmful effect of PM+Clay+Silt was reduced in the second trial.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- PM+Clay+Silte1
- Outcome
- noxious effecte0
- Direction
- minimisede0
- Qualifier
- during the second triale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, this noxious effect was minimised during the second trial.”
e1“The PM+Clay+Silt substrate had shown negative results in the first season.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single lath shade significantly increased spike length and all corm yielding parameters.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandiflorust0
- Treatment
- Single lath shadee0
- Outcome
- spike length and all corm yielding parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single lath shade significantly enhanced spike length and all corm yielding parameters.”
t0“Gladiolus grandiflorus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM+Clay+Silt and Single lath shade were recommended for maximum corm and cormel number in Peshawar.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus L.Gladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- FYM+Clay+Silt (1:1:1) and Single lath shadee0
- Outcome
- maximum number of corms and cormelse0
- Setting
- Peshaware0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments of FYM+Clay+Silt (1:1:1) and Single lath shade were found to be effectual in obtaining the maximum number of corms and cormels of Gladiolus grandiflorus L. in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar.”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.