Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage. A completely randomized design was used with eight treatments and four repetitions. The evaluated treatments were the following: control (CON), without any essential oil; rosemary (Ros); tea tree (TT); citronella (Cit); Ros + TT (50% + 50%); Ros + Cit (50% + 50%); TT + Cit (50% + 50%); and Ros + TT + Cit (33% + 33% + 33%). A 1000 mg/kg dose of ensiled mass (as-fed basis) was used for each of the treatments. The addition of essential oils and their blends had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the chemical composition of sorghum silage. Crude protein content increased (p < 0.001) with the use of essential oils and their blends. The Ros affected (p < 0.05) the fibrous fraction of sorghum silage. Neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradability was reduced (p = 0.003) when we used the blend TT + Cit compared to Ros and TT. We observed that only Ros did not reduce acetic acid concentration (p = 0.031) compared to the CON. The essential oils and their blends did not affect losses (p > 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria population increased (p = 0.039) when using the blend Ros + TT + Cit compared to the CON. However, the populations of entero-bacteria and fungi were not affected (p > 0.05) by the essential oils or their blends. For aerobic stability, we observed that Ros increased (p < 0.001) the air exposure time of the sorghum silage. Furthermore, the essential oils impacted the sorghum silage’s pH, which affected (p = 0.003) its aerobic stability. In conclusion, the essential oils did not reduce sorghum silage losses. However, the Ros improved the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum silage, while the blend Ros + TT + Cit increased the lactic acid bacteria count in the silage. More in-depth studies are needed to elucidate the action of essential oils as silage additives.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils and their blends significantly affected the chemical composition of sorghum silage.
- Treatment
- addition of essential oils and their blendse1
- Outcome
- chemical composition of sorghum silagee1
- Direction
- significant impacte1
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e1“The addition of essential oils and their blends had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the chemical composition of sorghum silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein content of sorghum silage increased with essential oils and their blends.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e2“Crude protein content increased (p < 0.001) with the use of essential oils and their blends”
Claim · model-written summary
Ros affected the fibrous fraction of sorghum silage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e3“The Ros affected (p < 0.05) the fibrous fraction of sorghum silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradability was reduced by the TT + Cit blend compared with Ros and TT.
- Treatment
- blend TT + Cite4
- Outcome
- Neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradabilitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- Ros and TTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e4“Neutral detergent fiber in vitro degradability was reduced (p = 0.003) when we used the blend TT + Cit compared to Ros and TT”
Claim · model-written summary
Only Ros did not reduce acetic acid concentration compared with the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e5“We observed that only Ros did not reduce acetic acid concentration (p = 0.031) compared to the CON”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils and their blends did not affect silage losses.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e6“The essential oils and their blends did not affect losses (p > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The blend Ros + TT + Cit increased lactic acid bacteria population compared with the control.
- Treatment
- blend Ros + TT + Cite7
- Outcome
- Lactic acid bacteria populatione7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- the CONe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e7“Lactic acid bacteria population increased (p = 0.039) when using the blend Ros + TT + Cit compared to the CON”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils and their blends did not affect enterobacteria and fungi populations.
- Treatment
- essential oils or their blendse1
- Outcome
- populations of entero-bacteria and fungie1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e1“the populations of entero-bacteria and fungi were not affected (p > 0.05) by the essential oils or their blends”
Claim · model-written summary
Ros increased the air exposure time of sorghum silage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e1“Ros increased (p < 0.001) the air exposure time of the sorghum silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils affected the aerobic stability of sorghum silage through their effect on pH.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of these essential oils and their blends on the fermentative profile, losses by gases and effluents, nutritional value, microbial count, and aerobic stability of sorghum silage”
e1“The addition of essential oils and their blends had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the chemical composition of sorghum silage”
e2“which affected (p = 0.003) its aerobic stability”
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