Abstract
The blanket prescription of nitrogen (N) fertilizer often results in irrational fertilization. To address this issue and align the application of nitrogen fertilizers with the crop-specific demand, it is imperative to save nitrogen resources, maximize the uptake and net income, and subside environmental pollution. In this context, a field experiment was carried out in Kumroj, Chitwan, Nepal during 2022 to assess the growth, yield, and profitability of rice production by comparing different precision nitrogen management practices. The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments included decision support tools for nitrogen management such as the Green Seeker (GS), the Soil plant analysis development Development (SPAD) meter, and the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) combined with basal application of nitrogen at 30 kg ha–1 and the Urea briquette Deep Placement (UDP), the Polymer Coated Urea (PCU), and the Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF, 120 kg N ha–1). The growth, yield, yield attributes, and financial data were taken. Precision nitrogen management techniques significantly enhanced rice growth and yield parameters. GS–guided application required the highest nitrogen demand (155 kg ha–1), while SPAD (80 kg ha–1) and UDP (78 kg ha–1) resulted in lower usage. PCU and UDP enhanced plant height, leaf area index, and above–ground dry matter. Higher grain yield (6.64 t ha–1) was attained with LCC, SPAD (6.44 t ha–1), and UDP (6.41 t ha–1) treatments. GS application exhibited the highest straw yield (11.17 t ha–1), while LCC demonstrated the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.96). This study concluded that SPAD and UDP demonstrated the potential to save nitrogen resources, while LCC and UDP were found profitable.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Precision nitrogen management significantly enhanced rice growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Precision nitrogen management techniquese0
- Outcome
- rice growth and yield parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Precision nitrogen management techniques significantly enhanced rice growth and yield parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Seeker guidance had the highest nitrogen demand at 155 kg ha–1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GS–guided applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen demande0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 155 kg ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS–guided application required the highest nitrogen demand (155 kg ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD guidance used 80 kg ha–1 nitrogen, lower than Green Seeker.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while SPAD (80 kg ha–1) and UDP (78 kg ha–1) resulted in lower usage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP used 78 kg ha–1 nitrogen, lower than Green Seeker.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while SPAD (80 kg ha–1) and UDP (78 kg ha–1) resulted in lower usage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCU enhanced height, leaf area index and above-ground dry matter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PCUe0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index, and above–ground dry mattere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCU and UDP enhanced plant height, leaf area index, and above–ground dry matter”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP enhanced height, leaf area index and above-ground dry matter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index, and above–ground dry mattere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCU and UDP enhanced plant height, leaf area index, and above–ground dry matter”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC produced 6.64 t ha–1 grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher grain yield (6.64 t ha–1) was attained with LCC”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD produced 6.44 t ha–1 grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPADe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 6.44 t ha–1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher grain yield (6.64 t ha–1) was attained with LCC, SPAD (6.44 t ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UDP produced 6.41 t ha–1 grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Value
- 6.41 t ha–1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher grain yield (6.64 t ha–1) was attained with LCC, SPAD (6.44 t ha–1), and UDP (6.41 t ha–1) treatments”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Seeker produced the highest straw yield, 11.17 t ha–1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- GS applicatione0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.17 t ha–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS application exhibited the highest straw yield (11.17 t ha–1)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC had the highest benefit-cost ratio, 1.96.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCC demonstrated the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.96)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude SPAD could save nitrogen resources.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SPADe0
- Outcome
- save nitrogen resourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPAD and UDP demonstrated the potential to save nitrogen resources”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude UDP could save nitrogen resources.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- save nitrogen resourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPAD and UDP demonstrated the potential to save nitrogen resources”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude LCC was profitable.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LCCe0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCC and UDP were found profitable”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude UDP was profitable.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCC and UDP were found profitable”
t0“Rice”
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