Abstract
ABSTRACT Garlic (Allium sativum) is normally grown under conventional tillage (CT) with soil being excessively mixed by plowing and harrowing operations that degrade soil structure, increase production costs, and increase environmental contamination. Alternatively, cover crops can be grown and their residues placed on soil surface, enabling garlic to be grown under no-tillage (NT) system. However, for subtropical climate there is little information on the impacts of tillage systems and cover crop species, particularly of their decomposition process and nutrients release, on garlic nutritional status and yield. This study aimed to evaluate garlic yield, and the decomposition rate and nutrient release from aboveground residues of cover crops cultivated in CT and NT methods, in a subtropical climate. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca) were cultivated as cover crops previous to garlic, under CT or NT, for two consecutive years in the same area. The highest dry matter yield and nutrient release by cover crops were observed for millet and sunn hemp. The highest accumulations of P and K were observed in millet residue. Total garlic yield averaged 16.2 Mg ha -1 yr -1 and was affected neither by tillage method nor by cover crop species. The yield of marketable garlic was higher when soil was covered with bean residue in NT. Yield of non-marketable garlic was higher under CT in the first year, when high precipitation occurred shortly before harvest. The highest residue decomposition and nutrient release rates were observed under CT, in the three cover crop species. No-tillage increases marketable yield of garlic and the residence time of cover crop residues. We recommend cultivation in NT systems using cover crops, thus increasing marketable garlic yield and nutrient cycling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Millet and sunn hemp had the highest dry matter yields.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dry matter yield and nutrient release by cover crops were observed for millet and sunn hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Millet and sunn hemp had the highest nutrient release.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dry matter yield and nutrient release by cover crops were observed for millet and sunn hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Millet residue accumulated the most P and K.
Verbatim
e0“The highest accumulations of P and K were observed in millet residue”
Claim · model-written summary
Total garlic yield averaged 16.2 Mg ha -1 yr -1.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Outcome
- Total garlic yielde0
- Value
- 16.2 Mg ha -1 yr -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total garlic yield averaged 16.2 Mg ha -1 yr -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Total garlic yield was unaffected by tillage or cover crop species.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- tillage method nor by cover crop speciese0
- Outcome
- Total garlic yielde0
- Direction
- affected neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total garlic yield averaged 16.2 Mg ha -1 yr -1 and was affected neither by tillage method nor by cover crop species”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean residue under no tillage increased marketable garlic yield.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- bean residue in NTe0
- Outcome
- yield of marketable garlice0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of marketable garlic was higher when soil was covered with bean residue in NT”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased nonmarketable garlic yield in the wet first year.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- Yield of non-marketable garlice0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in the first year, when high precipitation occurred shortly before harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of non-marketable garlic was higher under CT in the first year, when high precipitation occurred shortly before harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had the highest residue decomposition rates.
- Taxon
- Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca)
Phaseolus vulgaris
Cenchrus americanus
Crotalaria ochroleucae1 - Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- residue decompositione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest residue decomposition and nutrient release rates were observed under CT, in the three cover crop species”
e1“Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had the highest residue nutrient release rates.
- Taxon
- Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca)Phaseolus vulgarisCenchrus americanusCrotalaria ochroleucae1
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- nutrient release ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest residue decomposition and nutrient release rates were observed under CT, in the three cover crop species”
e1“Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend no tillage garlic cultivation with cover crops.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- cultivation in NT systems using cover cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We recommend cultivation in NT systems using cover crops, thus increasing marketable garlic yield and nutrient cycling”
t0“Garlic”
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.