Abstract
Plant architecture includes traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and branching pattern, which have significant impacts on yield and fruit quality. Polyploidization can bring changes in plant architectural traits in different crops along with other agronomic and biochemical attributes; however, the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we utilized five watermelon lines: ‘91E7’, ‘Zhengzhou No. 3’, ‘Fanzu No. 1’, ‘Shenlong’, and ‘Houlv’, along with their corresponding autopolyploid derivatives (diploid, autotriploid, and autotetraploid) to compare plant architecture differences in different polyploidy watermelon plants. The results showed that the growth habits of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid watermelon plants were noticeably different. Triploid and tetraploid watermelon plants had greater stem diameters and larger leaf sizes. The leaf angle was also larger in polyploid watermelons than in their diploid ancestor lines. Although vine length was significantly higher in diploid watermelon, there was no significant difference in node number, indicating that the short vine length was due to the short internodal length. The major differences between diploid and polyploid watermelon plants were found in the branching pattern, as diploid watermelon lines have more branching compared to their polyploid sister lines. Furthermore, we examined the phytohormone content of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid ‘Fanzu No. 1’. The reasons for the selection of this material are its robust growth and profuse branching habit, which cause visible differences among the ploidy levels. Hormone analysis showed distinct variations in abscisic acid in the nodal and stem regions, gibberellin in the auxiliary bud regions, and brassinosteroids in the apical meristematic regions. The correlation coefficient also strongly correlated these hormones with architecture-related traits. Our findings indicated that gibberellin, ABA, and brassinosteroids might be associated with variations in plant architectural traits like branching, vine length, internodal length, stem thickness, and leaf angle among different ploidy levels of watermelon. The exogenous application of GA3 showed a positive effect on branching, whereas ABA showed a negative effect on branching. The application of brassinosteroid at the apical meristem demonstrated its effect on leaf angle, leaf size, and internodal length. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference and valuable insights into the link between plant architecture and ploidy levels.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid and tetraploid watermelon plants had greater stem diameters and larger leaf sizes than diploid lines.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- Triploid and tetraploide0
- Outcome
- stem diameters and larger leaf sizese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid and tetraploid watermelon plants had greater stem diameters and larger leaf sizes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf angle was larger in polyploid watermelons than in their diploid ancestor lines.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- polyploide0
- Outcome
- leaf anglee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- diploid ancestor linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf angle was also larger in polyploid watermelons than in their diploid ancestor lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Vine length was significantly higher in diploid watermelon than in polyploid watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- vine lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- diploide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vine length was significantly higher in diploid watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Node number did not differ significantly among diploid and polyploid watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- node numbere0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“there was no significant difference in node number”
Claim · model-written summary
Diploid watermelon lines had more branching than their polyploid sister lines.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- polyploid sister linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diploid watermelon lines have more branching compared to their polyploid sister lines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that the short vine length of polyploid watermelon was due to short internodal length.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- short vine lengthe0
- Qualifier
- short internodal lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“indicating that the short vine length was due to the short internodal length”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid differed distinctly among ploidy levels in the nodal and stem regions of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- nodal and stem regionse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“Hormone analysis showed distinct variations in abscisic acid in the nodal and stem regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin differed distinctly among ploidy levels in the auxiliary bud regions of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- auxiliary bud regionse0
- Outcome
- gibberelline0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“gibberellin in the auxiliary bud regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroids differed distinctly among ploidy levels in the apical meristematic regions of watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- apical meristematic regionse0
- Outcome
- brassinosteroidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“brassinosteroids in the apical meristematic regions”
Claim · model-written summary
These hormones were strongly correlated with architecture-related traits in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Compound
- hormonese0
- Outcome
- architecture-related traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“The correlation coefficient also strongly correlated these hormones with architecture-related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest gibberellin, ABA and brassinosteroids might be associated with variation in plant architectural traits among ploidy levels of watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Compound
- gibberellin, ABA, and brassinosteroidse0
- Outcome
- plant architectural traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin, ABA, and brassinosteroids might be associated with variations in plant architectural traits like branching, vine length, internodal length, stem thickness, and leaf angle among different ploidy levels of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA3 application had a positive effect on branching in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of GA3e0
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“The exogenous application of GA3 showed a positive effect on branching”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA application had a negative effect on branching in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“ABA showed a negative effect on branching”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassinosteroid applied at the apical meristem affected leaf angle, leaf size and internodal length in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- apical meristeme0
- Treatment
- application of brassinosteroide0
- Outcome
- leaf angle, leaf size, and internodal lengthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
e0“The application of brassinosteroid at the apical meristem demonstrated its effect on leaf angle, leaf size, and internodal length”
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