Abstract
Mulch is an important measure for improving agricultural productivity in many semiarid regions of the world. However, the impacts of various mulching materials on soil hydrothermal characteristics, enzyme activity, and potato yield in fields have not been comprehensively explored. Thus, a two-growing-season field experiment (2020–2021) with four treatments (SSM, straw strip mulching; PMP, plastic film mulching with large ridge; PMF, double ridge-furrow with full film mulching; and CK, no mulching with conventional planting as the control) was conducted to analyze soil hydrothermal and soil enzyme activities and potato yield on the semiarid Loess Plateau of Northwest China. The results indicated that mulching practices had a positive effect on the soil moisture, with SSM, PMP, and PMF increasing by 7.3%, 9.2%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared to CK. Plastic film mulching significantly increased the soil temperature by 1.3 °C, and straw mulching reduced the soil temperature by 0.7 °C in the 0–30 cm soil layers of the whole growth period. On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK. Plastic film mulching increased soil catalase activity by 9.6%, while SSM decreased by 10.1%. Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK. The correlation analysis revealed that soil moisture was the main factor influencing tuber yield (r = 0.95**). Mulching could improve the soil hydrothermal environment, regulate soil enzyme activities, and promote yield increase. As a sustainable protective mulching measure, straw strip mulching is conducive to improving the ecological environment of farmland and the sustainable development of regional organic agriculture.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
SSM increased soil moisture by 7.3% versus CK.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 7.3%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that mulching practices had a positive effect on the soil moisture, with SSM, PMP, and PMF increasing by 7.3%, 9.2%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared to CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMP increased soil moisture by 9.2% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMPe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 9.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that mulching practices had a positive effect on the soil moisture, with SSM, PMP, and PMF increasing by 7.3%, 9.2%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared to CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMF increased soil moisture by 9.2% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMFe0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 9.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that mulching practices had a positive effect on the soil moisture, with SSM, PMP, and PMF increasing by 7.3%, 9.2%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared to CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic film mulching increased soil temperature by 1.3 °C.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- 0–30 cm soil layerse0
- Treatment
- Plastic film mulchinge0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.3 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plastic film mulching significantly increased the soil temperature by 1.3 °C, and straw mulching reduced the soil temperature by 0.7 °C in the 0–30 cm soil layers of the whole growth period.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw mulching reduced soil temperature by 0.7 °C.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Organ / stage
- 0–30 cm soil layerse0
- Treatment
- straw mulchinge0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.7 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plastic film mulching significantly increased the soil temperature by 1.3 °C, and straw mulching reduced the soil temperature by 0.7 °C in the 0–30 cm soil layers of the whole growth period.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
SSM increased soil urease activity by 14.2% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- soil urease activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMP increased soil urease activity by 2.8% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMPe0
- Outcome
- soil urease activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.8%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMF increased soil urease activity by 2.7% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMFe0
- Outcome
- soil urease activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.7%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
SSM enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- soil sucrase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 19.2%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMP enhanced soil sucrase activity by 8.6% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMPe0
- Outcome
- soil sucrase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 8.6%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMF enhanced soil sucrase activity by 5.7% versus CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMFe0
- Outcome
- soil sucrase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 5.7%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, SSM, PMP, and PMF increased soil urease activity in 0–40 cm soil layers by 14.2%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively, and enhanced soil sucrase activity by 19.2%, 8.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, compared with CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plastic film mulching increased soil catalase activity by 9.6%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Plastic film mulchinge0
- Outcome
- soil catalase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plastic film mulching increased soil catalase activity by 9.6%, while SSM decreased by 10.1%.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
SSM decreased soil catalase activity by 10.1%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- soil catalase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plastic film mulching increased soil catalase activity by 9.6%, while SSM decreased by 10.1%.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
SSM increased potato tuber yield by 18.6% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.6%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMP increased potato tuber yield by 31.9% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMPe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.9%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMF increased potato tuber yield by 29.7% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMFe0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29.7%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
SSM enhanced potato water use efficiency by 50% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- SSMe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on dry tuber yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMP enhanced potato water use efficiency by 50% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMPe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on dry tuber yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
PMF enhanced potato water use efficiency by 57.0% over CK.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- PMFe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency based on dry tuber yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 57.0%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching treatments significantly increased tuber yield and water use efficiency based on dry tuber yield (WUE), and SSM, PMP, and PMF increased tuber yield by 18.6%, 31.9%, and 29.7%, enhanced WUE by 50%, 50%, and 57.0% over CK.”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture was strongly associated with potato tuber yield (r = 0.95**).
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Qualifier
- r = 0.95**e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorTreatmentComparatorSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The correlation analysis revealed that soil moisture was the main factor influencing tuber yield (r = 0.95**).”
t0“Potato”
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