Abstract
Radishes are excellent sources of nutrients, such as antioxidants that benefit the immune system, dietary fibers that aid digestion, and vitamins that help control blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Despite this nutritional composition and rapid vegetative cycle, radishes still need to be consumed more and are understudied in Brazil. Another challenge is the limited knowledge about fungi of the Trichoderma spp. genus and their combination with fertilizers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L. under nitrogen doses combined with applying Trichoderma spp. isolates and their promoting effect on radish development. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (isolates and doses), with seven replications, conducted in a greenhouse. The Trichoderma treatments were T1 – control without isolates application, T2 – ESALQ 1306, T3 – IBLF 006 WP, and T4 – URM 5911, and the nitrogen doses were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 of urea. The use of Trichoderma spp. demonstrates a positive effect on radish development, offering possibilities for promotion with an emphasis on lower doses of nitrogen. The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length, 50% for the leaf dry mass, 35% for the tuberous roots fresh mass, and 63% for the tuberous roots dry mass). The T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates are not recommended, as they presented an antagonistic effect.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. isolates had a positive effect on radish development.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e1
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.
Trichodermae1symbiont - Outcome
- radish developmente1
- Direction
- positive effecte1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The use of Trichoderma spp. demonstrates a positive effect on radish development, offering possibilities for promotion with an emphasis on lower doses of nitrogen”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The ESALQ 1306 isolate at about 113 kg ha-1 urea raised tuberous root diameter by 11%.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- tuberous root diametere1
- Direction
- promotione1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Qualifier
- approximately 113 kg ha-1 of ureae1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The ESALQ 1306 isolate at about 113 kg ha-1 urea raised tuber root length by 6%.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- tuber root lengthe1
- Direction
- promotione1
- Value
- 6%e1
- Qualifier
- approximately 113 kg ha-1 of ureae1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The ESALQ 1306 isolate at about 113 kg ha-1 urea raised leaf dry mass by 50%.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf dry masse1
- Direction
- promotione1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Qualifier
- approximately 113 kg ha-1 of ureae1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length, 50% for the leaf dry mass”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The ESALQ 1306 isolate at about 113 kg ha-1 urea raised tuberous root fresh mass by 35%.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- tuberous roots fresh masse1
- Direction
- promotione1
- Value
- 35%e1
- Qualifier
- approximately 113 kg ha-1 of ureae1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length, 50% for the leaf dry mass, 35% for the tuberous roots fresh mass”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The ESALQ 1306 isolate at about 113 kg ha-1 urea raised tuberous root dry mass by 63%.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum)e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1symbiont
- Outcome
- tuberous roots dry masse1
- Direction
- promotione1
- Value
- 63%e1
- Qualifier
- approximately 113 kg ha-1 of ureae1
- Comparator
- control without isolates applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The ESALQ 1306 isolate (T. harzianum), at a dose of approximately 113 kg ha-1 of urea, a promotion was of 11% tuberous root diameter, 6% for the tuber root length, 50% for the leaf dry mass, 35% for the tuberous roots fresh mass, and 63% for the tuberous roots dry mass”
e2“T1 – control without isolates application”
Claim · model-written summary
The T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates had an antagonistic effect on radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911e1
- Interactor
- T. harzianum IBLF 006 WPTrichoderma harzianume1other
- Second interactor
- T. asperellum URM 5911
Trichoderma asperellume1other - Outcome
- antagonistic effecte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates are not recommended, as they presented an antagonistic effect”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors do not recommend the T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates for radish.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- isolates are not recommendede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The T. harzianum IBLF 006 WP and T. asperellum URM 5911 isolates are not recommended, as they presented an antagonistic effect”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Trichoderma spp. use can promote radish with an emphasis on lower nitrogen doses.
- Taxon
- Raphanus sativus L.Raphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e1
- Outcome
- promotion with an emphasis on lower doses of nitrogene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth promotion of Raphanus sativus L.”
e1“The use of Trichoderma spp. demonstrates a positive effect on radish development, offering possibilities for promotion with an emphasis on lower doses of nitrogen”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.