Abstract
Abstract Traditional pesticide formulations have some shortcomings, including limited efficacy and the usage of huge amounts of insecticide, which has a negative impact on the environment. Using nano‐pesticide formulations reduces the amount of pesticide applied, minimizing pest control expenses and environmental contamination. As a result, this study was conducted to develop a microemulsion formulation containing emamectin benzoate or beta‐cyfluthrin with improved morphology, droplet size, emulsion stability, and persistence of foam. Moreover to assess the efficacy of the developed microemulsion in comparison to the convention alone against the Egyptian cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) under both laboratory and field conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions for emamectin benzoate microemulsion was 2% active ingredient, 5% (w/w) ethyl acetate, and DMF (3:2), 3.5% (w/w) Geronol ff4 and Etocas 35 (6:1), 5% (w/w) ethanol, and 86.5% (w/w) water, while for beta‐cyfluthrin, a 5.0% active ingredient, 15% (w/w) Solvesso 100 and ethyl acetate (2:1), 7.0% (w/w) Geronol ff4 and Etocas 35 (6:1), 10% (w/w) ethanol, and 68% (w/w) water. Under laboratory conditions, emamectin benzoate was more toxic than beta‐cyfluthrin to Spodoptera littoralis second and fourth instar larvae. Emamectin benzoate was more effective that beta‐cyfluthrin against Spodoptera littoralis in the field, whether as a microemulsion or a commercial product. Thus, microemulsions of tested insecticides with better formulation qualities may be more effective than traditional ones in controlling cotton leaf worm.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized emamectin benzoate microemulsion had the stated formulation.
- Taxon
- cotton crop
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- emamectin benzoate microemulsione0
- Outcome
- optimum conditionse0
- Value
- 2% active ingrediente0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the optimum conditions for emamectin benzoate microemulsion was 2% active ingredient, 5% (w/w) ethyl acetate, and DMF (3:2), 3.5% (w/w) Geronol ff4 and Etocas 35 (6:1), 5% (w/w) ethanol, and 86.5% (w/w) water”
t0“cotton crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimized beta‐cyfluthrin microemulsion had the stated formulation.
- Taxon
- cotton cropGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- beta‐cyfluthrine0
- Value
- 5.0% active ingrediente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while for beta‐cyfluthrin, a 5.0% active ingredient, 15% (w/w) Solvesso 100 and ethyl acetate (2:1), 7.0% (w/w) Geronol ff4 and Etocas 35 (6:1), 10% (w/w) ethanol, and 68% (w/w) water”
t0“cotton crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate was more toxic to second and fourth instar Spodoptera littoralis larvae than beta‐cyfluthrin in laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- cotton cropGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- emamectin benzoatee0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera littoralis
Spodoptera littoralise0pest - Outcome
- toxic than beta‐cyfluthrin to Spodoptera littoralis second and fourth instar larvaee0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- beta‐cyfluthrine0
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under laboratory conditions, emamectin benzoate was more toxic than beta‐cyfluthrin to Spodoptera littoralis second and fourth instar larvae”
t0“cotton crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate was more effective against Spodoptera littoralis than beta‐cyfluthrin in the field as microemulsion or commercial product.
- Taxon
- cotton cropGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera littoralisSpodoptera littoralise0pest
- Outcome
- effective that beta‐cyfluthrin against Spodoptera littoralise0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- beta‐cyfluthrine0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin benzoate was more effective that beta‐cyfluthrin against Spodoptera littoralis in the field, whether as a microemulsion or a commercial product”
t0“cotton crop”
The same questions in other papers
emamectin benzoate · Spodoptera littoralis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.