Paper · 2024 · Journal of Agricultural Engineering

Effect of different photoperiod regimes in combination with natural and artificial light on nutrient uptake in bok choy (Brassica rapa L.) using an internet of things-based hydroponics system

Bayu Taruna Widjaja Putra; Wahyu Nurkholis Hadi Syahputra; Parawita Dewanti

7
claims
13
verbatim quotes
0
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

In the present study, we analyzed the effect of using a hydroponic system inside a greenhouse and different photoperiod regimes with artificial light on the nutrient uptake of bok choy. Light duration treatment consisting of both sunlight and artificial light was applied to determine the optimal photoperiod for bok choy. Advanced technology—a wireless sensor network and Internet of Things—was used to monitor and maintain nutrient concentrations. Additionally, plant growth was evaluated using image processing technology. A higher amount of P was observed to be accumulated in plants grown in plots without photoperiod. Meanwhile, excessive photoperiod was found to reduce K content in plants. The optimal photoperiod in this study was 20:4 (light:dark), which is a combination of 12 h of sunlight and 8 h of artificial light. Additionally, image processing technology helped monitor plant growth. Pixel information in images can represent plant growth with a R2 value of >0.8. Further, the addition of photoperiod affects the dry weight of yields and growth rate, which is highly correlated to nutrient uptake, with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.72, respectively. The combination of artificial light and sunlight along with the optimal photoperiod can optimize the growth of bok choy with appropriate NPK uptake.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plants without photoperiod accumulated more P.

Treatment
without photoperiode0
Outcome
Pe0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A higher amount of P was observed to be accumulated in plants grown in plots without photoperiod”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–622 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Excessive photoperiod reduced plant K content.

Treatment
excessive photoperiode0
Outcome
K contente0
Direction
reducee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“excessive photoperiod was found to reduce K content in plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–696 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The optimal photoperiod was 20:4 light to dark, combining 12 hours sunlight and 8 hours artificial light.

Outcome
optimal photoperiode0
Value
20:4 (light:dark)e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The optimal photoperiod in this study was 20:4 (light:dark), which is a combination of 12 h of sunlight and 8 h of artificial light”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 698–829 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Image pixel information represented plant growth with R2 above 0.8.

Outcome
plant growthe0
Value
>0.8e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Pixel information in images can represent plant growth with a R2 value of >0.8”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 902–980 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dry weight of yields under photoperiod addition correlated with nutrient uptake at R2 0.84.

Treatment
addition of photoperiode0
Outcome
dry weight of yieldse0
Value
0.84e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the addition of photoperiod affects the dry weight of yields and growth rate, which is highly correlated to nutrient uptake, with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.72, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1161 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth rate under photoperiod addition correlated with nutrient uptake at R2 0.72.

Treatment
addition of photoperiode0
Outcome
growth ratee0
Value
0.72e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the addition of photoperiod affects the dry weight of yields and growth rate, which is highly correlated to nutrient uptake, with R2 values of 0.84 and 0.72, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1161 · show in text ↑
t0

“bok choy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 111–119 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Artificial and sunlight at the optimal photoperiod can optimize growth with appropriate NPK uptake.

Outcome
optimize the growth of bok choy with appropriate NPK uptakee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis · Taxonおむこさん志望 · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The combination of artificial light and sunlight along with the optimal photoperiod can optimize the growth of bok choy with appropriate NPK uptake”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1163–1310 · show in text ↑

light · nutrient: content · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 5 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
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  3. positive

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.