Abstract
Flax is considered to be one of the most significant dual-purpose crops for oil and fiber production in Egypt and worldwide. Biofertilizers have a substantial impact on various metabolic processes, including increased photosynthesis, endogenous hormone levels, ion absorption, nucleic acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. These factors collectively contribute to the growth and development of plants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how three biofertilizers (Algae extract, CMS as a by-product of yeast, and Metalosate multi minerals as amino acids) can enhance both the quantity and quality of flax seed yield under sandy soil conditions. Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre in Nubaria District, Behira Governorate, Egypt during two seasons (2021/2022) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed significant differences among all tested biofertilizers in terms of various characteristics studied in flax. Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively. Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons. The highest values for seed oil content and protein content % were obtained through foliar application of amino acids at a rate of 1.50 mL/L. It can be concluded that foliar sprays with these biofertilizers effectively improved flax performance by increasing seed straw and oil yields, nutrients oil, protein and fatty acids seeds contents.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Algae extract increased flax seed yield by 26.69% and 19.89% in the two seasons versus control.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimumt0 - Treatment
- Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- seed yield (ton/ha)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 26.69% & 19.89%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Algae extract increased flax straw yield by 8.08% and 17.12% in the two seasons versus control.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- straw yield (ton/ha)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8.08% & 17.12%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Algae extract increased flax oil yield by 47.72% and 33.69% in the two seasons versus control.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- oil yield (kg/ha)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 47.72% & 33.69%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Algae extract foliar application produced higher flax seed macronutrient, micronutrient, oil and protein contents in both seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- algae extract at a rate of 1.5 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CMS foliar application produced higher flax seed macronutrient, micronutrient, oil and protein contents in both seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- CMS at a rate of 5 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid foliar application produced higher flax seed macronutrient, micronutrient, oil and protein contents in both seasons.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- amino acids at a rate of 1.5 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents(Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content , and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid foliar application gave the highest flax seed oil and protein content percentages.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of amino acids at a rate of 1.50 mL/Le0
- Outcome
- seed oil content and protein content %e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for seed oil content and protein content % were obtained through foliar application of amino acids at a rate of 1.50 mL/L.”
t0“flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)”
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