Paper · 2024 · Journal of Ecological Engineering

Agronomic Bio-fortification of Zinc Improves the Yield and Quality of Fodder Oat

Muhammad Asif; Muhammad Sohaib Asad; Muhammad Ehsan Safdar; et al.

12
claims
24
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Oat is an important winter fodder crop grown on large areas all over the world. Oat is good source of nutrition and energy but it is poor in zinc contents. Presently livestock is suffering from malnutrition due to deficiency of zinc which has greater impact on livestock and ultimately on human health. Easy and cost effective approach to add nutrient in plant without altering its genetic makeup is agronomic bio fortification. Application of nutrient to oat via bio-fortification may enhance the overall biomass production and quality of fodder. Hence, a field study was performed to understand the impact of bio-fortification with zinc on quality along with biomass production of oat. Treatment comprised of control (No Zn), Zn @ 4kg soil application, Zn @ 6kg soil application, Zn @ 8kg soil application, Zn @ 4kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar application, Zn @ 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar application and Zn @ 8kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate as foliar application. Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm). Control treatment produced maximum crude fiber contents (40.70%), acid detergent fiber contents (35.77%) and neutral detergent fiber contents (72.71%). In conclusion, bio fortification of zinc not only enhanced the biomass and yield of oat but it also increased the availability of zinc in plant.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum plant height of 207.7 cm in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
maximume0
Value
207.7 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum leaf area index of 15.78 in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
leaf area indexe0
Direction
maximume0
Value
15.78e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum crop growth rate of 9.1 gm-2day-1 in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
crop growth ratee0
Direction
maximume0
Value
9.1 gm-2day-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum stem diameter of 0.073 cm in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
stem diametere0
Direction
maximume0
Value
0.073 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum number of tillers of 204 in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
number of tillerse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
204e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum fresh fodder yield of 76.6 t ha-1 in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
fresh fodder yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
76.6 t ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum dry matter yield of 32.27 t ha-1 in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
dry matter yielde0
Direction
maximume0
Value
32.27 t ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum ash contents of 10.3% in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
ash contentse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
10.3%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc application gave maximum plant zinc contents of 70.0 ppm in oat.

Treatment
Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar applicatione0
Outcome
plant zinc contentse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
70.0 ppme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Study revealed that Zn at 6kg soil application + 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar application produced maximum plant height (207.7 cm), leaf area index (15.78), crop growth rate (9.1 gm-2day-1), stem diameter (0.073 cm), number of tillers (204), fresh fodder yield (76.6 t ha-1), dry matter yield (32.27 t ha-1), ash contents (10.3%) and plant zinc contents (70.0 ppm).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1384 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control oat had maximum crude fiber contents of 40.70%.

Treatment
Control treatmente0
Outcome
crude fiber contentse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
40.70%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Control treatment produced maximum crude fiber contents (40.70%), acid detergent fiber contents (35.77%) and neutral detergent fiber contents (72.71%).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1385–1536 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control oat had maximum acid detergent fiber contents of 35.77%.

Treatment
Control treatmente0
Outcome
acid detergent fiber contentse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
35.77%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Control treatment produced maximum crude fiber contents (40.70%), acid detergent fiber contents (35.77%) and neutral detergent fiber contents (72.71%).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1385–1536 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control oat had maximum neutral detergent fiber contents of 72.71%.

Treatment
Control treatmente0
Outcome
neutral detergent fiber contentse0
Direction
maximume0
Value
72.71%e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Control treatment produced maximum crude fiber contents (40.70%), acid detergent fiber contents (35.77%) and neutral detergent fiber contents (72.71%).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1385–1536 · show in text ↑
t0

“Fodder Oat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–80 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ

11 papers: 7 positive, 4 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

zinc atom · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 4 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

zinc atom · quality: grain · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

zinc sulfate · quality: grain · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

zinc sulfate · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

8 papers: 8 positive, 0 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.