Abstract
Abstract To meet the food and feed demands of the growing population, global food production needs to double by 2050. Climate change-induced challenges to food crops, especially soil salinization, remain a major threat to food production. We hypothesize that endophytic fungi isolated from salt-adapted host plants can confer salinity stress tolerance to salt-sensitive crops. Therefore, we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi and evaluated their ability to induce salinity stress tolerance in tomato seeds and seedlings. Of 60 endophytic fungal isolates, 95% and 5% were from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes phyla, respectively. The highest number of isolates (48.3%) were from the roots. Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively; and 32 isolates solubilized phosphate. Only eight isolates grew at 1.5 M NaCl. Four fungal endophytes (Cephalotrichum cylindricum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium falciforme and Aspergilus puniceus) were tested under greenhouse conditions for their ability to induce salinity tolerance in tomato seedlings. All four endophytes successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCl. The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls. The results suggest that the the four isolates can potentially be used to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants in salt-affected soils.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ascomycetes made up 95% of the endophytic fungal isolates from shrubs.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e1“Of 60 endophytic fungal isolates, 95% and 5% were from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes phyla, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Basidiomycetes made up 5% of the endophytic fungal isolates from shrubs.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e1“Of 60 endophytic fungal isolates, 95% and 5% were from Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes phyla, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest number of isolates (48.3%) came from the roots of shrubs.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e2“The highest number of isolates (48.3%) were from the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylase was produced by 25 endophytic isolates.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e3“Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Protease was produced by 30 endophytic isolates.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e3“Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulase was produced by 27 endophytic isolates.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e3“Amylase, protease and cellulase were produced by 25, 30 and 27 isolates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
32 endophytic isolates solubilized phosphate.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e4“32 isolates solubilized phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
Only eight endophytic isolates grew at 1.5 M NaCl.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated fungal endophytes from shrubs along the shores of saline alkaline Lake Magadi”
e5“Only eight isolates grew at 1.5 M NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
All four endophytes successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCl.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- four endophytese6symbiont
- Outcome
- successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings”
e6“All four endophytes successfully colonized tomato seedlings and grew in 1.5 M NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-inoculated seeds had a 23% enhanced germination compared with controls.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- endophyte-inoculated seedse7
- Interactor
- endophytee7symbiont
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Value
- 23%e7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings”
e7“The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, endophyte-inoculated seedlings had increased chlorophyll and biomass content compared with controls.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse7
- Interactor
- endophytee7symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and biomass contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings”
e7“The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, endophyte-inoculated seedlings had decreased hydrogen peroxide content compared with controls.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse7
- Interactor
- endophytee7symbiont
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide contente7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- controlse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seedlings”
e7“The germination of endophyte-inoculated seeds was enhanced by 23%, whereas seedlings showed increased chlorophyll and biomass content and decreased hydrogen peroxide content under salinity stress, compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
The four isolates can potentially be used to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants in salt-affected soils.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- four isolatese1symbiont
- Outcome
- mitigate salinity stresse1
- Qualifier
- in salt-affected soilse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results suggest that the the four isolates can potentially be used to mitigate salinity stress in tomato plants in salt-affected soils”
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See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.