Abstract
Field studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing time and residue management methods of preceding rice varieties (with different residue load) on weed seed bank and density in wheat during Rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21 in Punjab. Experiment was conducted in split plot design keeping combinations of 2 preceding rice varieties with different residue loads and 2 sowing times in main plots and 4 residue management methods in sub-plots with 3 replications. Results revealed that weed population and biomass at 30 days after sowing was higher in fields with low residue load (6.96-7.89 t/ha of PR 126) as compared to high residue load (10.25-11.44 t/ha of PR 122). Population and biomass of Medicago denticulata was lower in 15th November sown wheat in contrast to other broad-leaf weeds. Lower density of Phalaris minor was recorded under early sown wheat (25th October). Weed density and biomass was lower under happy seeder as compared to other residue management methods. In mould board plough + rotavator treatment, weed seed per unit area was lower in 0-5 cm soil layer but it was higher at 10-15 cm soil depth as compared to other residue management methods. Crop growth parameters (plant height, tillers density and biomass) were not influenced by rice residue load and wheat planting time. Grain yield was recorded highest under early sown wheat as compared to late sown wheat. Grain yield was recorded highest under Happy Seeder as compared to other residue management system during second year. However, grain yield was recorded similar under all residue management methods during first year. The results suggested that grass weeds were less in 25th October sown wheat but 15th November sown crop has less broad-leaf weeds.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Weed population and biomass were higher with low than high rice residue load.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- 30 days after sowinge0
- Treatment
- low residue loade0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed population and biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high residue loade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed population and biomass at 30 days after sowing was higher in fields with low residue load (6.96-7.89 t/ha of PR 126) as compared to high residue load (10.25-11.44 t/ha of PR 122)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicago denticulata population and biomass were lower in wheat sown on 15th November.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 15th November sowne0
- Interactor
- Medicago denticulatae0weed
- Outcome
- Population and biomass of Medicago denticulatae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other broad-leaf weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population and biomass of Medicago denticulata was lower in 15th November sown wheat in contrast to other broad-leaf weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris minor density was lower in early sown wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- early sown wheat (25th October)e0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- density of Phalaris minore0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Lower density of Phalaris minor was recorded under early sown wheat (25th October)”
Claim · model-written summary
Happy seeder reduced weed density and biomass compared with other residue management methods.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- happy seedere0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- Weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other residue management methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed density and biomass was lower under happy seeder as compared to other residue management methods”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mould board plough plus rotavator left fewer weed seeds in the 0-5 cm soil layer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mould board plough + rotavatore0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed per unit areae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 0-5 cm soil layere0
- Comparator
- other residue management methodse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mould board plough + rotavator treatment, weed seed per unit area was lower in 0-5 cm soil layer but it was higher at 10-15 cm soil depth as compared to other residue management methods”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mould board plough plus rotavator left more weed seeds at 10-15 cm soil depth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mould board plough + rotavatore0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed per unit areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 10-15 cm soil depthe0
- Comparator
- other residue management methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mould board plough + rotavator treatment, weed seed per unit area was lower in 0-5 cm soil layer but it was higher at 10-15 cm soil depth as compared to other residue management methods”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice residue load did not influence wheat plant height, tiller density or biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- rice residue loade0
- Outcome
- plant height, tillers density and biomasse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop growth parameters (plant height, tillers density and biomass) were not influenced by rice residue load and wheat planting time”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat planting time did not influence plant height, tiller density or biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- wheat planting timee0
- Outcome
- plant height, tillers density and biomasse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop growth parameters (plant height, tillers density and biomass) were not influenced by rice residue load and wheat planting time”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sown wheat had higher grain yield than late sown wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- early sowne0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- late sown wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was recorded highest under early sown wheat as compared to late sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Happy Seeder gave the highest grain yield among residue management systems in the second year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Happy Seedere0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during second yeare0
- Comparator
- other residue management systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was recorded highest under Happy Seeder as compared to other residue management system during second year”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was similar across residue management methods in the first year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all residue management methodse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- during first yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield was recorded similar under all residue management methods during first year”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that 25th October wheat sowing had fewer grass weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 25th October sowne0
- Interactor
- grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- grass weedse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grass weeds were less in 25th October sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that 15th November wheat sowing had fewer broad-leaf weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 15th November sowne0
- Interactor
- broad-leaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad-leaf weedse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15th November sown crop has less broad-leaf weeds”
t0“wheat”
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