Abstract
The olive tree is highly tolerant to water deficit and in humid climate regions, such as Uruguay, the need to irrigation is questioned. However, Uruguay's climate is characterized by high interannual variability, resulting in periods of water deficit. In the event of a water deficit, plants trigger a series of defense mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, including increased antioxidant enzyme activity and cuticle thickening to prevent transpiration. These responses are common during abiotic stress and biotic stress caused by pathogen infections. Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees, leading to reduced fruit yield and oil quality. Mild drought stress has been found to activate the basal defense response, enhancing plant tolerance to pathogen infections. Therefore, the hypothesis was that exposing olive plants to moderate water deficit during the lipogenesis stage would trigger the basal defense response, increasing fruit tolerance to biotic stress caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. The study also examined whether this response was sustained under moderate water deficit. Results showed that water deficit induced anatomical and biochemical changes in olive fruits, promoting anthracnose tolerance with reduced incidence and severity of C. acutatum infection both in vitro and in vivo. Fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio decreased in response to water deficit, while cuticle thickness and fruit polyphenol content increased. An induction of enzymes related to hydrogen peroxide scavenging were observed, in particular PER and CAT. This enzymatic activity was induced by the pathogen inoculation treatment and was higher in the non-irrigated treatment. Severe water deficit resulted in significant reductions in fruit weight and oil content, but the fruits exhibited enhanced tolerance to anthracnose infection.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced incidence and severity of C. acutatum infection of olive fruits in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- olive trees
Olea europaeae0 - Treatment
- water deficite1
- Interactor
- C. acutatum
Colletotrichum acutatume1pathogen - Outcome
- incidence and severity of C. acutatum infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- both in vitro and in vivoe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e1“Results showed that water deficit induced anatomical and biochemical changes in olive fruits, promoting anthracnose tolerance with reduced incidence and severity of C. acutatum infection both in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased fruit weight of olive fruits.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- Fruit weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e2“Fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio decreased in response to water deficit, while cuticle thickness and fruit polyphenol content increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased the pulp/pit ratio of olive fruits.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- pulp/pit ratioe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e2“Fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio decreased in response to water deficit, while cuticle thickness and fruit polyphenol content increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased cuticle thickness of olive fruits.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- cuticle thicknesse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e2“Fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio decreased in response to water deficit, while cuticle thickness and fruit polyphenol content increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased fruit polyphenol content of olive fruits.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- fruit polyphenol contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e2“Fruit weight and pulp/pit ratio decreased in response to water deficit, while cuticle thickness and fruit polyphenol content increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymes related to hydrogen peroxide scavenging were induced, in particular PER and CAT.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Gene
- PER and CATe3
- Outcome
- enzymes related to hydrogen peroxide scavenginge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e3“An induction of enzymes related to hydrogen peroxide scavenging were observed, in particular PER and CAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymatic activity was induced by the pathogen inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- pathogen inoculation treatmente4
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e4“This enzymatic activity was induced by the pathogen inoculation treatment and was higher in the non-irrigated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymatic activity was higher in the non-irrigated treatment.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- non-irrigated treatmente4
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e4“This enzymatic activity was induced by the pathogen inoculation treatment and was higher in the non-irrigated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit significantly reduced fruit weight and oil content.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- Severe water deficite5
- Outcome
- fruit weight and oil contente5
- Direction
- reductionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e5“Severe water deficit resulted in significant reductions in fruit weight and oil content, but the fruits exhibited enhanced tolerance to anthracnose infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit enhanced olive fruit tolerance to anthracnose infection.
- Taxon
- olive treesOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- Severe water deficite5
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum complexe0pathogen
- Outcome
- tolerance to anthracnose infectione5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anthracnose, caused by the Colletotrichum complex, is a major disease in olive trees”
e5“Severe water deficit resulted in significant reductions in fruit weight and oil content, but the fruits exhibited enhanced tolerance to anthracnose infection”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.