Abstract
The persistent use of copper-based fungicides to control grapevine downy mildew (GDM) still represents risks to both human health and the environment, especially in organic production. This heavy metal can affect wine quality due to residues’ presence on grape bunches. Implementing sustainable viticultural practices to control diseases is crucial for the wine industry. This work aimed to evaluate chitosan effectiveness toward GDM on a large scale, over a period of three years (2019–2021), and in three distinct vineyards with different environmental conditions. Three GDM management strategies were tested: application of 0.5% chitosan individually; in alternation with copper; and during the last year, in combination with low rate of copper, using conventional strategies and untreated plants as controls. Over three consecutive seasons, chitosan treatments effectively reduced GDM McKinney Index on leaves and bunches under different environmental conditions. On bunches, chitosan alone was less effective than copper, when applied after copper had the same effectiveness, and combined with copper was more effective than copper standard. In 2020 and 2021, the analysis of cooper amount detected in berries of two cultivars showed that all strategies allowed to decrease the amount of copper residue in berries. The application of chitosan alone or in alternation with copper was able to reduce this amount as untreated control. This large scale investigation suggests chitosan as alternative that can integrate and eventually replace copper application against GDM. Further studies to validate these strategies in different environments, disease pressure conditions and cultivar are fundamental towards achieving green and sustainable solutions for GDM management strategies.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan treatments reduced downy mildew McKinney Index on grapevine leaves and bunches.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and bunchese0
- Treatment
- chitosan treatmentse0
- Outcome
- GDM McKinney Index on leaves and bunchese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse1
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over three consecutive seasons, chitosan treatments effectively reduced GDM McKinney Index on leaves and bunches under different environmental conditions.”
t0“grapevine”
e1“using conventional strategies and untreated plants as controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan alone was less effective than copper on bunches.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On bunches, chitosan alone was less effective than copper”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan applied after copper had the same effectiveness as copper on bunches.
- Organ / stage
- bunchese1
- Treatment
- applied after coppere0
- Outcome
- effectivenesse0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- coppere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when applied after copper had the same effectiveness”
e1“On bunches, chitosan alone was less effective than copper”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan combined with copper was more effective than standard copper on bunches.
- Organ / stage
- bunchese1
- Treatment
- combined with coppere0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- copper standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined with copper was more effective than copper standard”
e1“On bunches, chitosan alone was less effective than copper”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested strategies decreased copper residue in berries in 2020 and 2021.
- Organ / stage
- berriese0
- Treatment
- all strategiese0
- Outcome
- amount of copper residue in berriese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- conventional strategiese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2020 and 2021, the analysis of cooper amount detected in berries of two cultivars showed that all strategies allowed to decrease the amount of copper residue in berries.”
t0“grapevine”
e1“using conventional strategies and untreated plants as controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan alone reduced berry copper residue to the untreated control level.
- Treatment
- chitosan alonee0
- Outcome
- amount of copper residue in berriese1
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of chitosan alone or in alternation with copper was able to reduce this amount as untreated control.”
e1“amount of copper residue in berries”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan alternated with copper reduced berry copper residue to the untreated control level.
- Treatment
- in alternation with coppere0
- Outcome
- amount of copper residue in berriese1
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of chitosan alone or in alternation with copper was able to reduce this amount as untreated control.”
e1“amount of copper residue in berries”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest chitosan could integrate with or eventually replace copper against grapevine downy mildew.
- Outcome
- chitosan as alternative that can integrate and eventually replace copper application against GDMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This large scale investigation suggests chitosan as alternative that can integrate and eventually replace copper application against GDM.”
t0“grapevine”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · nutrient: content · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
chitosan · nutrient: content · VitisResults agree
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- positive
- positive
chitosan · disease · VitisResults agree
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.