Abstract
This study aimed to identify efficient Trichoderma isolate(s) for the management of Fusarium wilt in peas. Four different pea germplasms (Sarsabz, Pea-09, Meteor and Supreme) were evaluated for resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay. Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%), whereas susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44–79%) and percent disease index (47–82%). The susceptible germplasm Meteor was selected for in vivo experiment. Five different Trichoderma spp. ( Trichoderma koningii , T. hamatum , T. longibrachiatum , T. viride , and T. harzianum ) were screened for the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes under in vitro . In-vitro biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. was assayed by percentage inhibition of dry mass of Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP) with Trichoderma spp. metabolite filtrate concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50–89%). T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass and were thus used for in vivo management of the disease. The pot experiment for in-vivo management also confirmed the maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers. Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%, and the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments. These strains demonstrate excellent bio-control of Fusarium wilt in pea via induction of defense-related enzymes. The present work will help use Trichoderma species in disease management programme as an effective biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant pea germplasm had disease severity of 23%.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Material
- Resistant germplasme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporumt1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%)”
t0“peas”
t1“against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant pea germplasm had percent disease index of 21%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- Resistant germplasme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- percent disease indexe0
- Value
- 21%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%)”
t0“peas”
t1“against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible and highly susceptible pea germplasm had disease severity of 44–79%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- susceptible and highly susceptible germplasme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 44–79%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44–79%) and percent disease index (47–82%)”
t0“peas”
t1“against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible and highly susceptible pea germplasm had percent disease index of 47–82%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- susceptible and highly susceptible germplasme0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- percent disease indexe0
- Value
- 47–82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44–79%) and percent disease index (47–82%)”
t0“peas”
t1“against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum produced maximum inhibition of Fusarium growth, 50–89%, in vitro.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP)Fusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 50–89%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50–89%)”
t0“peas”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP)”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum metabolites at 40%, 50%, and 60% maximally reduced Fusarium biomass.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%)e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP)Fusarium oxysporumt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass”
t0“peas”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 60% T. harzianum metabolite filtrate reduced disease parameters in pot-grown pea.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60%e0
- Interactor
- FOPt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease parameterse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers”
t0“peas”
t1“maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
A 60% T. harzianum metabolite filtrate enhanced pea growth and yield in pots.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60%e0
- Interactor
- FOPt1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth, yielde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers”
t0“peas”
t1“maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased pea chlorophyll and carotenoids by 34-26%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 34-26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%)”
t0“peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased total phenolic content by 55%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Total phenolice0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%”
t0“peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased total protein content by 60%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Total protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%”
t0“peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma strains increased total flavonoid content by 36%.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma strainse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Total Flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%”
t0“peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme activities under Trichoderma treatments were ordered CAT > POX > PPO > PAL.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- CAT > POX > PPO > PALe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments”
t0“peas”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · quality: protein · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.