Abstract
Drought, soil salinization and the extreme heat events increments associate to climate change will notably impact sensitive crop species, such as strawberry. A greenhouse experiment was arranged to evaluate the potential of a PGPR-based biofertilizer, with multiple PGP properties, including ACC deaminase production highly related to the limitation of ethylene levels under abiotic stress, in modulation of photosynthetic apparatus tolerance responses by severe drought (complete water withholding), salinity in irrigation water (340 mM NaCl) and short extreme heat event (37/28°C maximum and minimum temperature range). Our results show that all stress factors triggered acute injury effects on strawberry carboxylation capacity and photosystem II energy assimilation efficiency ability; whose intensity varied depending on factor nature. However, bacterial inoculation diminished ∼67%, 20% and 18% the deleterious impact imposed by drought, heat and salinity stress on the net photosynthetic rate (AN). This effect was primarily mediated by counterbalancing the diffusion of CO2 in the stomata and biochemical limitations in response to heat and salinity stress, while the reduction of biochemical damage was more notable in response to drought. Complementarily, inoculation was able to highly buffer the photochemical limitations imposed by all abiotic stress factors tested. Despite these positive effects, the application of PGPR-based biofertilizer was unable to completely reverse the impact of stress factors on strawberry photosynthesis metabolism. However, the signal of these ameliorative effects was significant enough to consider the implementation of PGPR-based biofertilizer application as a complementary tool in the management of strawberry cultivation in increasingly stressful agronomic contexts.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All stress factors injured strawberry carboxylation capacity and photosystem II energy assimilation efficiency.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- all stress factorse0
- Outcome
- carboxylation capacity and photosystem II energy assimilation efficiency abilitye0
- Direction
- injurye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all stress factors triggered acute injury effects on strawberry carboxylation capacity and photosystem II energy assimilation efficiency ability; whose intensity varied depending on factor nature”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced drought damage to net photosynthetic rate by about 67%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (AN)e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- ∼67%e0
- Qualifier
- droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation diminished ∼67%, 20% and 18% the deleterious impact imposed by drought, heat and salinity stress on the net photosynthetic rate (AN)”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced heat damage to net photosynthetic rate by 20%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (AN)e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- heate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation diminished ∼67%, 20% and 18% the deleterious impact imposed by drought, heat and salinity stress on the net photosynthetic rate (AN)”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation reduced salinity damage to net photosynthetic rate by 18%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (AN)e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Qualifier
- salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial inoculation diminished ∼67%, 20% and 18% the deleterious impact imposed by drought, heat and salinity stress on the net photosynthetic rate (AN)”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation counterbalanced stomatal CO2 diffusion and biochemical limitations under heat and salinity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- diffusion of CO2 in the stomata and biochemical limitationse0
- Qualifier
- heat and salinity stresse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“counterbalancing the diffusion of CO2 in the stomata and biochemical limitations in response to heat and salinity stress”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction of biochemical damage was more notable under drought.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- biochemical damagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- droughte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of biochemical damage was more notable in response to drought”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation strongly buffered photochemical limitations under all tested stress factors.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- PGPRt0symbiont
- Outcome
- photochemical limitationse0
- Direction
- buffere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation was able to highly buffer the photochemical limitations imposed by all abiotic stress factors tested”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR biofertilizer did not completely reverse stress effects on strawberry photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- application of PGPR-based biofertilizere0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- strawberry photosynthesis metabolisme0
- Direction
- unable to completely reversee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of PGPR-based biofertilizer was unable to completely reverse the impact of stress factors on strawberry photosynthesis metabolism”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend PGPR biofertilizer as a complementary tool for strawberry cultivation in stressful settings.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- PGPR-based biofertilizer application as a complementary toole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consider the implementation of PGPR-based biofertilizer application as a complementary tool in the management of strawberry cultivation in increasingly stressful agronomic contexts”
t0“PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: photosynthesis · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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