Abstract
Products that activate plant defense mechanisms, such as white mold, may increase the disease control spectrum in canola crops as an alternative to chemical control for disease management, aiming at lower environmental impacts and selection pressure on pathogens. This study evaluated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control and resistance induction in canola crops with alternative products. In vitro and detached leaf experiments were conducted in a laboratory, and in vivo experiments occurred in a greenhouse. High Roots®; V6®; Maxi Flor®; Wert Plus®; potassium, manganese, and copper phosphites; manganese; procymidone fungicide; and Ascophyllum nodosum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis extracts assessed S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth in vitro in detached leaves, white mold severity in a greenhouse, and enzymatic analysis in leaf tissues. The last two experiments also received the acibenzolar-S-methyl and Trichoderma asperellum treatments. S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth showed 100% inhibition under B. subtilis and Wert Plus® at 1000 ppm and procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppm in vitro. The procymidone and B. subtilis treatments in detached leaves inhibited 100% of fungus growth. The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®. Higher peroxidase enzyme activity occurred in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite, and fungicide 48 hours after pathogen inoculation. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme did not show activity. Alternative products were responsive and may aid the chemical control of white mold in canola crops.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis completely inhibited mycelial growth in vitro at 1000 ppm.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- S. sclerotiorum mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth showed 100% inhibition under B. subtilis and Wert Plus® at 1000 ppm and procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppm in vitro”
t0“canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Wert Plus completely inhibited mycelial growth in vitro at 1000 ppm.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Wert Plus® at 1000 ppme0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. sclerotiorum mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth showed 100% inhibition under B. subtilis and Wert Plus® at 1000 ppm and procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppm in vitro”
t0“canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Procymidone completely inhibited mycelial growth in vitro at 100 and 1000 ppm.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppme0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. sclerotiorum mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth showed 100% inhibition under B. subtilis and Wert Plus® at 1000 ppm and procymidone at 100 and 1000 ppm in vitro”
t0“canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Procymidone completely inhibited fungus growth in detached leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- detached leavese0
- Treatment
- procymidonee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungus growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The procymidone and B. subtilis treatments in detached leaves inhibited 100% of fungus growth”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis completely inhibited fungus growth in detached leaves.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- detached leavese0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungus growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The procymidone and B. subtilis treatments in detached leaves inhibited 100% of fungus growth”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
procymidone produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- procymidonee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
copper phosphite produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- copper phosphitee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
B. thuringiensis produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- B. thuringiensise0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
manganese phosphite produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- manganese phosphitee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium phosphite produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- potassium phosphitee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
High Roots® produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- High Roots®e0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
V6® produced lower white mold severity in greenhouse canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- V6®e0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greenhouse experiments with lower severity were procymidone, copper phosphite, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, manganese phosphite, potassium phosphite, High Roots®, and V6®”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
acibenzolar-S-methyl increased peroxidase activity 48 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- acibenzolar-S-methyle0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 48 hours after pathogen inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher peroxidase enzyme activity occurred in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite, and fungicide 48 hours after pathogen inoculation”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
copper phosphite increased peroxidase activity 48 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- copper phosphitee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 48 hours after pathogen inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher peroxidase enzyme activity occurred in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite, and fungicide 48 hours after pathogen inoculation”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
fungicide increased peroxidase activity 48 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 48 hours after pathogen inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher peroxidase enzyme activity occurred in plants treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper phosphite, and fungicide 48 hours after pathogen inoculation”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vivo AND in vitro in canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase showed no activity.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Gene
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase enzyme did not show activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polyphenol oxidase enzyme did not show activity”
t0“canola crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that alternative products may aid chemical control of white mold.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- may aid the chemical control of white molde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternative products were responsive and may aid the chemical control of white mold in canola crops”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
The same questions in other papers
acibenzolar-S-methyl · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
manganese atom · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fungicide · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.