Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the interannual and seasonal dynamics of mobile potassium compounds in orchard soil and assess the potassium status of apple trees influenced by foliar and ground fertilization with potassium and nitrogen. The research was carried out in 2016–2020 growing seasons under soil-climate conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region). The field experiment studying the efficiency of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers has been running in the apple orchard with apples of cv. “Venyaminovskoe” since 2015. The soil of the experimental orchard is loamy Haplic Luvisol. Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride were used as soil fertilizers at doses of N30K40, N60K80, and N90K120. Urea (1%) and potassium sulfate (0.3%) solutions were used for foliar fertilizing. The content of mobile potassium compounds was determined in soil samples that were monthly taken from a depth of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm from May to September. The level of mobile potassium in the root zone of unfertilized plots was relatively constant during the five years. At the same time, the regular ground fertilization led to a gradual accumulation of potassium in the topsoil. Its accumulation rate depended on fertilizer doses. When the soil potassium content reached 150 mg/kg, the seasonal fluctuations of the index increased and vertical migration of potassium began to be observed in the soil profile. The main factors influencing the potassium regime of apple trees were weather conditions, yield, and fertilization rates. A correlated soil and plant diagnosis has shown that the negative effect of the decrease in the availability of soil potassium also persists in the subsequent growing season; however, it can be weakened using soil and foliar fertilizers. The highest yield of apple trees in the first four years of fruiting was observed when the soil was fertilized with N60K80 in combination with foliar sprays.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized orchard root-zone mobile potassium was relatively constant for five years.
- Taxon
- Apple Trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- unfertilized plotse0
- Outcome
- level of mobile potassium in the root zonee0
- Direction
- relatively constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of mobile potassium in the root zone of unfertilized plots was relatively constant during the five years.”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Regular ground fertilization gradually accumulated topsoil potassium.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- regular ground fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- potassium in the topsoile0
- Direction
- gradual accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regular ground fertilization led to a gradual accumulation of potassium in the topsoil”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium accumulation rate depended on fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer dosese0
- Outcome
- accumulation ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Its accumulation rate depended on fertilizer doses.”
e1“accumulation of potassium in the topsoil”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150 mg/kg soil potassium, seasonal fluctuations increased and vertical migration began.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- seasonal fluctuations of the indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 150 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- vertical migration of potassium began to be observed in the soil profilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the soil potassium content reached 150 mg/kg, the seasonal fluctuations of the index increased and vertical migration of potassium began to be observed in the soil profile.”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple potassium regime was influenced by weather, yield and fertilization rates.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- fertilization ratese0
- Outcome
- potassium regimee0
- Qualifier
- weather conditions, yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main factors influencing the potassium regime of apple trees were weather conditions, yield, and fertilization rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced soil potassium availability had a negative effect persisting into the next season, weakened by soil and foliar fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Apple TreesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- soil and foliar fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- negative effect of the decrease in the availability of soil potassiume0
- Direction
- weakenede0
- Qualifier
- subsequent growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the negative effect of the decrease in the availability of soil potassium also persists in the subsequent growing season; however, it can be weakened using soil and foliar fertilizers”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
N60K80 soil fertilizer plus foliar sprays gave the highest apple yield in the first four fruiting years.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- N60K80 in combination with foliar sprayse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- first four years of fruitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of apple trees in the first four years of fruiting was observed when the soil was fertilized with N60K80 in combination with foliar sprays.”
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See all 141 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.