Abstract
Hydroxylated monoterpenes (HMTPs) are differentially emitted by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants resisting bacterial infection. We have studied the defensive role of these volatiles in the tomato response to bacteria, whose main entrance is through stomatal apertures. Treatments with some HMTPs resulted in stomatal closure and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) induction. Particularly, α-terpineol induced stomatal closure in a salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid-independent manner and conferred resistance to bacteria. Interestingly, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing or silencing the monoterpene synthase MTS1, which displayed alterations in the emission of HMTPs, exhibited changes in the stomatal aperture but not in plant resistance. Measures of both 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) and SA levels revealed competition for MEcPP by the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and SA biosynthesis activation, thus explaining the absence of resistance in transgenic plants. These results were confirmed by chemical inhibition of the MEP pathway, which alters MEcPP levels. Treatments with benzothiadiazole (BTH), a SA functional analog, conferred enhanced resistance to transgenic tomato plants overexpressing MTS1. Additionally, these MTS1 overexpressors induced PR1 gene expression and stomatal closure in neighboring plants. Our results confirm the role of HMTPs in both intra- and interplant immune signaling and reveal a metabolic crosstalk between the MEP and SA pathways in tomato plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxylated monoterpenes differed in emission by resistant tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- bacteriale0pathogen
- Outcome
- Hydroxylated monoterpenes (HMTPs) are differentially emittede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydroxylated monoterpenes (HMTPs) are differentially emitted by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants resisting bacterial infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Some HMTP treatments closed stomata and induced PR1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- some HMTPse0
- Outcome
- stomatal closure and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) inductione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with some HMTPs resulted in stomatal closure and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) induction”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-terpineol closed stomata independently of SA and abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- α-terpineole0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Qualifier
- salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid-independente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“α-terpineol induced stomatal closure in a salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid-independent manner”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-terpineol conferred bacterial resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- α-terpineole0
- Outcome
- resistance to bacteriae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“α-terpineol induced stomatal closure in a salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid-independent manner and conferred resistance to bacteria”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MTS1 overexpression or silencing altered HMTP emission and stomatal aperture.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- overexpressing or silencinge0
- Gene
- MTS1e0
- Outcome
- stomatal aperturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic tomato plants overexpressing or silencing the monoterpene synthase MTS1, which displayed alterations in the emission of HMTPs, exhibited changes in the stomatal aperture but not in plant resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
MTS1 manipulation did not alter plant resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- overexpressing or silencinge0
- Gene
- MTS1e0
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
- Direction
- not ine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic tomato plants overexpressing or silencing the monoterpene synthase MTS1, which displayed alterations in the emission of HMTPs, exhibited changes in the stomatal aperture but not in plant resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
MEcPP levels indicated competition between MEP and SA pathways.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- MEcPPe0
- Outcome
- competition for MEcPPe0
- Qualifier
- methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and SA biosynthesis activatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Measures of both 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) and SA levels revealed competition for MEcPP by the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and SA biosynthesis activation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MEP pathway inhibition altered MEcPP levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chemical inhibition of the MEP pathwaye0
- Outcome
- MEcPP levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical inhibition of the MEP pathway, which alters MEcPP levels”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH enhanced bacterial resistance in MTS1-overexpressing tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- benzothiadiazole (BTH)e0
- Gene
- MTS1e0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with benzothiadiazole (BTH), a SA functional analog, conferred enhanced resistance to transgenic tomato plants overexpressing MTS1”
Claim · model-written summary
MTS1 overexpressors induced PR1 expression and stomatal closure in neighbors.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MTS1 overexpressorse0
- Outcome
- PR1 gene expression and stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MTS1 overexpressors induced PR1 gene expression and stomatal closure in neighboring plants”
t0“tomato”
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