Abstract
Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic microorganisms important for plants grown in nutrient-deficient and heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, it remains unclear how plants respond to the coupled stress by heavy metal and nitrogen (N) deficiency under co-inoculation. Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9 and Funneliformis mosseae on the response of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) grown in sand culture to cadmium (Cd) under N deficiency conditions. The results showed that single inoculation of AMF improved the growth and Cd resistance of black locust, co-inoculation improved the most. Compared to non-inoculated controls, co-inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, photosynthetic capacity, and N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition when exposed to Cd. This increase was significantly higher under N deficiency compared to N sufficiency. In addition, the uptake of Cd by co-inoculated black locust roots increased, but Cd translocation to the above-ground decreased under both N deficiency and sufficiency. Thus, in the tripartite symbiotic system, not merely metabolic processes but also Cd uptake increased under N deficiency. However, enhanced Cd detoxification in the roots and reduced allocation to the shoot likely prevent Cd toxicity and rather stimulated growth under these conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation improves black locust growth and Cd resistance.
- Taxon
- black locust
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Treatment
- single inoculation of AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and Cd resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single inoculation of AMF improved the growth and Cd resistance of black locust”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation gives the strongest improvement in black locust growth and Cd resistance.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9Mesorhizobium huakuiie1symbiont
- Second interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee1symbiont - Outcome
- growth and Cd resistancee0
- Direction
- improved the moste0
- Comparator
- single inoculation of AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single inoculation of AMF improved the growth and Cd resistance of black locust, co-inoculation improved the most”
e1“Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9 and Funneliformis mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increases black locust biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity under Cd exposure.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9Mesorhizobium huakuiie2symbiont
- Second interactor
- Funneliformis mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee2symbiont
- Outcome
- biomass and antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to non-inoculated controls, co-inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
e2“Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9 and Funneliformis mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation reduces oxidative stress in black locust under Cd exposure.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to non-inoculated controls, co-inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation promotes nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nodulation, mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, photosynthetic capacity, and N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation promotes photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoted nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, photosynthetic capacity, and N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
e2“co-inoculation mediated higher biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation promotes N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Outcome
- N, P, Fe and Mg acquisitione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“co-inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, photosynthetic capacity, and N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The co-inoculation benefit is significantly higher under N deficiency than sufficiency.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Outcome
- This increasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- N deficiencye0
- Comparator
- N sufficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase was significantly higher under N deficiency compared to N sufficiency”
e1“black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increases Cd uptake by black locust roots.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatede0
- Outcome
- uptake of Cd by co-inoculated black locust rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uptake of Cd by co-inoculated black locust roots increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation decreases Cd translocation above ground under both N conditions.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciae1
- Treatment
- co-inoculatede1
- Outcome
- Cd translocation to the above-grounde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- both N deficiency and sufficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd translocation to the above-ground decreased under both N deficiency and sufficiency”
e1“co-inoculated black locust roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced root detoxification and reduced shoot allocation likely prevent Cd toxicity and stimulate growth.
- Taxon
- black locustRobinia pseudoacaciat0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
- Direction
- prevente0
- Qualifier
- enhanced Cd detoxification in the roots and reduced allocation to the shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced Cd detoxification in the roots and reduced allocation to the shoot likely prevent Cd toxicity and rather stimulated growth”
t0“black locust”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.