Abstract
Nonpoint-source phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields is a contaminant of surface waters, and high soil P fertility exacerbates this problem. Many vegetable growers and gardeners have a history of applying more P than is necessary for optimum plant growth. Avoiding unnecessary P applications is an important part of the long-term solution to reducing P loading in water. When soil P levels are very high, management practices that result in more intense P removal are recommended to reduce these levels and the potential for aquatic ecosystem contamination with P. Growers may apply soluble starter fertilizer containing P to encourage rapid transplant establishment; however, the effectiveness of this practice is unknown for soil P levels considered high or very high. Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks may help the plant remove more P from the soil than nongrafted plants. This study investigated the effects of organic starter P fertilizers applied to three hybrids of nongrafted tomato and the same hybrids grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock in field-grown conditions during three site-years with high preplant P fertility. The yield, fruit P concentration, and amount of P removed from the field were measured to elucidate starter P and grafting impacts on P removal. Starter P was not impactful on all responses. Grafting increased the total yield by 11.6%, fruit P concentration in a genotype-dependent manner (average of 12.6%), and net P removal from the field by 28.4% (6.0 kg P/ha). Net P removal was positively correlated with the total yield ( r = 0.821) and fruit P concentration ( r = 0.502), suggesting that practices to increase the yield or P concentration independently increase net P removal.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased the total yield of tomato by 11.6% compared with nongrafted tomato.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Estaminoe7
- Treatment
- Graftinge2
- Outcome
- total yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 11.6%e2
- Comparator
- nongrafted tomatoe7
- Setting
- field-grown conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e1“field-grown conditions during three site-years with high preplant P fertility”
e2“Grafting increased the total yield by 11.6%, fruit P concentration in a genotype-dependent manner (average of 12.6%), and net P removal from the field by 28.4% (6.0 kg P/ha)”
e7“organic starter P fertilizers applied to three hybrids of nongrafted tomato and the same hybrids grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased fruit P concentration of tomato, in a genotype-dependent manner, by an average of 12.6%.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Graftinge2
- Outcome
- fruit P concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- average of 12.6%e2
- Qualifier
- genotype-dependent mannere2
- Comparator
- nongrafted tomatoe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e2“Grafting increased the total yield by 11.6%, fruit P concentration in a genotype-dependent manner (average of 12.6%), and net P removal from the field by 28.4% (6.0 kg P/ha)”
e7“organic starter P fertilizers applied to three hybrids of nongrafted tomato and the same hybrids grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting increased net P removal from the field by 28.4% (6.0 kg P/ha).
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Graftinge2
- Outcome
- net P removal from the fielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 28.4%e2
- Qualifier
- 6.0 kg P/hae2
- Comparator
- nongrafted tomatoe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e2“Grafting increased the total yield by 11.6%, fruit P concentration in a genotype-dependent manner (average of 12.6%), and net P removal from the field by 28.4% (6.0 kg P/ha)”
e7“organic starter P fertilizers applied to three hybrids of nongrafted tomato and the same hybrids grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic starter P fertilizer had no detectable impact on the measured responses.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- organic starter P fertilizerse7
- Outcome
- all responsese3
- Direction
- not impactfule3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e3“Starter P was not impactful on all responses”
e7“organic starter P fertilizers applied to three hybrids of nongrafted tomato and the same hybrids grafted onto ‘Estamino’ rootstock”
Claim · model-written summary
Net P removal was positively correlated with total yield (r = 0.821).
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Net P removale4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
- Value
- r = 0.821e4
- Setting
- field-grown conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e1“field-grown conditions during three site-years with high preplant P fertility”
e4“Net P removal was positively correlated with the total yield ( r = 0.821)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net P removal was positively correlated with fruit P concentration (r = 0.502).
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- Net P removale4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
- Value
- r = 0.502e5
- Qualifier
- fruit P concentratione5
- Setting
- field-grown conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e1“field-grown conditions during three site-years with high preplant P fertility”
e4“Net P removal was positively correlated with the total yield ( r = 0.821)”
e5“fruit P concentration ( r = 0.502)”
Claim · model-written summary
Practices that raise yield or fruit P concentration may independently increase net P removal.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum L.Solanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- practices to increase the yield or P concentratione6
- Outcome
- net P removale6
- Direction
- increasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) onto vigorous rootstocks”
e6“practices to increase the yield or P concentration independently increase net P removal”
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See all 176 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.