Abstract
This study explored the effects of the germination of red and white sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)]) for up to seven days on various properties of the grain. Germination enriched sorghum’s nutritional and sensory qualities while mitigating existing anti-nutritional factors. The study employed Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy techniques to support its findings. Germination increased protein and lipid content but decreased starch content. White sorghum grains showed elevated calcium and magnesium but decreased iron, potassium, and zinc. Red sorghum grains showed a consistent decrease in mineral content during germination. Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties. The results of the FT-IR analysis demonstrate that germination induced significant changes in the molecular structure of white sorghum samples after 24 h, whereas this transformation was observed in red sorghum samples at four days. Total phenolic content (TPC) in red sorghum ranged from 136.64 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 g. After 72 h of germination, the germinated seeds showed a threefold increase in TPC when compared to ungerminated seeds. Similarly, the TPC of white sorghum significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 52.84 ± 3.31 mg GAE/100 g to 151.76 mg GAE/100 g. Overall, during the 7-day germination period, all parameters showed an increase, and the germination process positively impacted the functional properties that contributed to the health benefits of white and red sorghum samples.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased sorghum protein and lipid content.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore1 - Treatment
- Germinatione0
- Outcome
- protein and lipid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination increased protein and lipid content but decreased starch content”
e1“red and white sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)])”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased sorghum starch content.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Germinatione0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination increased protein and lipid content but decreased starch content”
e1“red and white sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)])”
Claim · model-written summary
White sorghum grain calcium and magnesium increased during germination.
- Material
- White sorghum grainse0
- Treatment
- Germinatione1
- Outcome
- calcium and magnesiume0
- Direction
- elevatede0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White sorghum grains showed elevated calcium and magnesium but decreased iron, potassium, and zinc”
e1“Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
White sorghum grain iron, potassium and zinc decreased during germination.
- Material
- White sorghum grainse0
- Treatment
- Germinatione1
- Outcome
- iron, potassium, and zince0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White sorghum grains showed elevated calcium and magnesium but decreased iron, potassium, and zinc”
e1“Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorghum grain mineral content decreased during germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red sorghum grains showed a consistent decrease in mineral content during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased fiber and lignin in both sorghum varieties.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
White sorghum molecular structure changed significantly after 24 h of germination.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination induced significant changes in the molecular structure of white sorghum samples after 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorghum molecular structure changed at four days of germination.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas this transformation was observed in red sorghum samples at four days”
e1“germination induced significant changes in the molecular structure of white sorghum samples after 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorghum total phenolic content increased threefold after 72 h of germination relative to ungerminated seed.
- Material
- red sorghume1
- Treatment
- germinatione0
- Outcome
- TPCe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- threefolde0
- Qualifier
- After 72 he0
- Comparator
- ungerminated seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 72 h of germination, the germinated seeds showed a threefold increase in TPC when compared to ungerminated seeds”
e1“Total phenolic content (TPC) in red sorghum ranged from 136.64 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Red sorghum total phenolic content ranged from 136.64 ± 3.76 to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 g.
- Material
- red sorghume0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 136.64 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content (TPC) in red sorghum ranged from 136.64 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g to 379.5 ± 6.92 mg GAE/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
White sorghum total phenolic content increased significantly from 52.84 ± 3.31 to 151.76 mg GAE/100 g.
- Material
- white sorghume0
- Treatment
- Germinatione1
- Outcome
- TPCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 151.76 mg GAE/100 ge0
- Qualifier
- 52.84 ± 3.31 mg GAE/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the TPC of white sorghum significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 52.84 ± 3.31 mg GAE/100 g to 151.76 mg GAE/100 g”
e1“Germination also increased fiber and lignin values in both sorghum varieties”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.