Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels have been rising continuously since the industrial revolution, affecting crop physiology, yield and quality of harvest products, and grapevine is no exception. Most of previously reported studies used potted plants in controlled environments, and explored grapevine response to relatively high CO2 levels, 700 ppm or more. The vineyardFACE, established in Geisenheim in 2012, uses a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) system to simulate a moderate (ambient +20%) increase in atmospheric CO2 in a vineyard planted with cvs. Cabernet-Sauvignon and Riesling grafted on rootstock 161-49 Couderc and SO4, respectively. Using this experimental setup, we report a 3 years survey of grape yield, and berry composition responses to a moderate increase in ambient CO2. An increase in net assimilation in leaves was observed for both cultivars, as well as a significant increase in fruit yield per vine. Berry size was not significantly affected, even though a general trend of larger berries was noted under elevated CO2. Berry ripening dynamics and composition at harvest were largely unaffected by the CO2 level increase, with the noticeable exception that anthocyanin levels tended to be lower under elevated CO2, compared to ambient. Profiling of central carbon metabolism intermediates and branching points to secondary metabolism pathways confirmed this result in both cultivars. Must terpene content analysis in Riesling showed little impact of elevated CO2, suggesting that its aromatic potential was probably unaffected. In conclusion, our results indicate that, although predicted mid-century CO2 levels do have an impact on grapevine yield, grape composition and oenological potential will probably be largely unaffected. However, it is noteworthy that non significant but consistent trends have been observed throughout the years, suggesting that the continuous rise in CO2 during the second half of the 21st century may finally overcome berry metabolic plasticity and acclimation to elevated CO2.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased leaf net assimilation in both cultivars.
- Treatment
- increase in net assimilation in leavese0
- Outcome
- net assimilation in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in net assimilation in leaves was observed for both cultivars”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased fruit yield per vine.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in fruit yield per vine”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on berry size, although larger berries were observed as a trend.
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- Berry sizee0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
- Qualifier
- general trend of larger berriese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berry size was not significantly affected, even though a general trend of larger berries was noted under elevated CO2”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry ripening dynamics were largely unaffected by increased CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berry ripening dynamics and composition at harvest were largely unaffected by the CO2 level increase”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry composition at harvest was largely unaffected by increased CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berry ripening dynamics and composition at harvest were largely unaffected by the CO2 level increase”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin levels tended to be lower under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anthocyanin levels tended to be lower under elevated CO2, compared to ambient”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Central carbon metabolism profiling confirmed the anthocyanin result in both cultivars.
- Outcome
- central carbon metabolism intermediates and branching points to secondary metabolism pathwayse0
- Qualifier
- confirmed this result in both cultivarse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Profiling of central carbon metabolism intermediates and branching points to secondary metabolism pathways confirmed this result in both cultivars”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little impact on Riesling must terpene content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Must terpene content analysis in Riesling showed little impact of elevated CO2”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that Riesling aromatic potential was probably unaffected.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that its aromatic potential was probably unaffected”
t0“grapevine”
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