Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Student Instructional Farm (SIF), CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, during the kharif and Rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment comprised fourteen treatment combinations involving the application of Nitrogen, FYM (Farm Yard Manure), Vermicompost, Sulphur, Zinc, Azotobacter, and PSB (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) for maize, while only RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) in the ratio 120:60:40 was given to all wheat treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) and replicated thrice. The growth and yield of maize showed a significant increase with rising doses of RDN (Recommended Dose of Nitrogen) from 75% to 100%. Marked improvement in yield was observed with the additional application of 25% RDN through Vermicompost (VC) or FYM in addition to 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer. The application of RDN significantly increased the grain, stover, and biological yield of maize, which further increased with the addition of 25% N-VC either with 75% or 100% RDN. The application of 100% RDN + 25% N-VC + S + Zn + Az + PSB significantly produced higher maize yields compared to any other treatments except 100% RDN + 25% N-FYM + S + Zn + AZ + PSB. Vermicompost was found to be more effective for higher yields than FYM. The nutrient content and uptake by maize increased with increasing doses of RDN. For wheat, the applied 75% or 100% RDN + S + Zn + AZ + PSB with Vermicompost or FYM significantly increased the growth and yield. Wheat yield varied from 37.61 to 47.85 q ha-1, with the highest and significantly superior yield recorded in T14 followed by T13. The system yield, which represents the cumulative yield (maize + wheat), is the result of direct and residual responses to nutrients applied in kharif and Rabi. The highest and significantly superior system yield was found in treatments involving VC or FYM followed by RDN with S and/or Zn.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Higher RDN increased maize growth and yield.
- Treatment
- rising doses of RDN (Recommended Dose of Nitrogen)e0
- Outcome
- growth and yield of maizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 75%e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and yield of maize showed a significant increase with rising doses of RDN (Recommended Dose of Nitrogen) from 75% to 100%.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding vermicompost or FYM improved yield.
- Treatment
- 25% RDN through Vermicompost (VC) or FYMe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- 100% RDN through chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Marked improvement in yield was observed with the additional application of 25% RDN through Vermicompost (VC) or FYM in addition to 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
RDN raised maize grain, stover and biological yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of RDN significantly increased the grain, stover, and biological yield of maize, which further increased with the addition of 25% N-VC either with 75% or 100% RDN.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding N-VC further increased maize yields.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which further increased with the addition of 25% N-VC either with 75% or 100% RDN.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined RDN, vermicompost, sulfur, zinc and inoculant treatment yielded more maize than most other treatments.
- Treatment
- 100% RDN + 25% N-VC + S + Zn + Az + PSBe0
- Outcome
- maize yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- any other treatments except 100% RDN + 25% N-FYM + S + Zn + AZ + PSBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDN + 25% N-VC + S + Zn + Az + PSB significantly produced higher maize yields compared to any other treatments except 100% RDN + 25% N-FYM + S + Zn + AZ + PSB.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost gave higher yields than FYM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost was found to be more effective for higher yields than FYM.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing RDN raised maize nutrient content and uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutrient content and uptake by maize increased with increasing doses of RDN.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments with RDN, sulfur, zinc and inoculants increased wheat growth and yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 75% or 100% RDN + S + Zn + AZ + PSB with Vermicompost or FYMe0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For wheat, the applied 75% or 100% RDN + S + Zn + AZ + PSB with Vermicompost or FYM significantly increased the growth and yield.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield ranged from 37.61 to 47.85 q ha-1.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Wheat yielde0
- Value
- 37.61 to 47.85 q ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield varied from 37.61 to 47.85 q ha-1”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
T14 produced the highest wheat yield, followed by T13.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the highest and significantly superior yield recorded in T14 followed by T13.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments involving VC or FYM followed by RDN with S or Zn had the highest system yield.
- Taxon
- maize-wheatt0
- Treatment
- VC or FYM followed by RDN with S and/or Zne0
- Outcome
- system yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest and significantly superior system yield was found in treatments involving VC or FYM followed by RDN with S and/or Zn.”
t0“Direct Effect of FYM, vermicompost, biofertilizer, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield on maize (Zea mays L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in maize-wheat cropping system”
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