Abstract
Developing innovative, eco-friendly fungicide alternatives is crucial to mitigate the substantial threat fungal pathogens pose to crop yields. In this study, we assessed the in vitro effectiveness of SiO2, CuO, and γFe2O3 nanoparticles against Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, greenhouse experiments were conducted in artificially infested soil to evaluate the in vivo impact of nanoparticles under study. Two application methods were employed: soil drenching with 10 mL per pot at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg L−1, and seedling dipping in nanoparticle suspensions at each concentration combined with soil drench. The combined treatment of 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or CuO nanoparticles showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity. Conversely, SiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated the lowest in vitro activity. Notably, the application of 200 mg/L SiO2 via the dipping and soil drenching methods decreased counts of silicate-solubilizing bacteria and Azospirillum spp. Whereas, application of 100 mg L−1 γFe2O3 nanoparticles via soil drenching increased soil bacterial counts, and CuO nanoparticles at 50 mg L−1 through dipping and soil drenching had the highest dehydrogenase value. γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved plant photosynthetic pigments, reduced malondialdehyde levels, and minimized membrane leakage in lettuce plants. A root anatomical study showed that 200 mg L−1 CuO nanoparticles induced toxicity, whereas 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or SiO2 nanoparticles positively affected root diameter, tissue structure, and various anatomical measurements in lettuce roots. γFe2O3 nanoparticles hold promise as a sustainable alternative for managing crop diseases.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 nanoparticles had the highest in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)
Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0 - Treatment
- 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3e0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- antifungal activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatment of 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or CuO nanoparticles showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity”
e1“against Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 200 mg L−1 CuO nanoparticles had the highest in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticlese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined treatment of 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or CuO nanoparticles showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity”
e1“against Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 nanoparticles had the lowest in vitro antifungal activity.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- SiO2 nanoparticlese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro activitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated the lowest in vitro activity”
e1“against Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping plus drenching with 200 mg/L SiO2 reduced silicate-solubilizing bacterial counts.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg/L SiO2 via the dipping and soil drenching methodse0
- Interactor
- silicate-solubilizing bacteriae0other
- Outcome
- counts of silicate-solubilizing bacteriae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 200 mg/L SiO2 via the dipping and soil drenching methods decreased counts of silicate-solubilizing bacteria”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping plus drenching with 200 mg/L SiO2 reduced Azospirillum counts.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- 200 mg/L SiO2 via the dipping and soil drenching methodse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum spp.
Azospirillume0other - Outcome
- Azospirillum spp.e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 200 mg/L SiO2 via the dipping and soil drenching methods decreased counts of silicate-solubilizing bacteria and Azospirillum spp.”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drenching with 100 mg L−1 γFe2O3 increased soil bacterial counts.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- 100 mg L−1 γFe2O3 nanoparticles via soil drenchinge0
- Interactor
- soil bacteriale0other
- Outcome
- soil bacterial countse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 100 mg L−1 γFe2O3 nanoparticles via soil drenching increased soil bacterial counts”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dipping and drenching with 50 mg L−1 CuO produced the highest dehydrogenase value.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- CuO nanoparticles at 50 mg L−1 through dipping and soil drenchinge0
- Outcome
- dehydrogenase valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CuO nanoparticles at 50 mg L−1 through dipping and soil drenching had the highest dehydrogenase value”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved lettuce photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- γFe2O3 nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- plant photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved plant photosynthetic pigments”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
γFe2O3 nanoparticles reduced lettuce malondialdehyde levels.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- γFe2O3 nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved plant photosynthetic pigments, reduced malondialdehyde levels”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
Claim · model-written summary
γFe2O3 nanoparticles minimized lettuce membrane leakage.
- Taxon
- lettuce plants
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- γFe2O3 nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- membrane leakagee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved plant photosynthetic pigments, reduced malondialdehyde levels, and minimized membrane leakage in lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg L−1, CuO nanoparticles caused lettuce root toxicity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- 200 mg L−1 CuO nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- toxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 mg L−1 CuO nanoparticles induced toxicity”
e1“in lettuce roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg L−1, γFe2O3 nanoparticles improved lettuce root diameter, tissue structure and anatomy.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- 200 mg L−1 γFe2O3e0
- Outcome
- root diameter, tissue structure, and various anatomical measurementse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or SiO2 nanoparticles positively affected root diameter, tissue structure, and various anatomical measurements in lettuce roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 mg L−1, SiO2 nanoparticles improved lettuce root diameter, tissue structure and anatomy.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- SiO2 nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- root diameter, tissue structure, and various anatomical measurementse0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 mg L−1 γFe2O3 or SiO2 nanoparticles positively affected root diameter, tissue structure, and various anatomical measurements in lettuce roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose γFe2O3 nanoparticles as a sustainable crop disease management alternative.
- Taxon
- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)Lactuca sativa var. longifoliat0
- Treatment
- γFe2O3 nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- sustainable alternative for managing crop diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“γFe2O3 nanoparticles hold promise as a sustainable alternative for managing crop diseases”
t0“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia)”
The same questions in other papers
silicon dioxide · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →maghemite · Rhizoctonia solani · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.