Abstract
Introduction:The different species of Amaranthus species are among the most important damaging weeds in the world.Due to the importance of studying the effect of management factors on seed dynamics of different weed species, this experiment aimed to investigate the effect of burial depth and high temperatures on the seed dynamic of different species of Amaranthus in Golestan province including white pigweed (A.albus), prostrate pigweed (A.belitoides), hybrid Amaranthus (A. chlorostachys), redroot pigweed (A.retrofelexus) and green Amaranthus (A. viridis) were performed.Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on five amaranthus species of white pigweed, prostrate pigweed, hybrid Amaranthus, redroot pigweed and green Amaranthus at the seed laboratory and greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.In the first experiment, seed emergence of different species of Amaranthus was studied in eight burial depths including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 cm.In the second experiment, seeds were exposed to 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 C temperatures for 5, 10, and 15 minutes Results: All seeds of A. blitoides and A. viridis germinated in the topsoil (zero depth); But, in A. albus, A. retroflexus, A. chlorostachys, 93%, 83%, and 3% of the seeds were emergence at the soil surface, respectively.By increasing the burial depth to one centimeter, the percentage of seeds emergence in different species of Amaranthus decreased significantly and was negligible at 2 cm depth.Germination test performed on retrieved seeds showed that zero to 16% of the seeds were able to germinate in petri dishes, and most of the non-germinated seeds were viable.In all species except for A. chlorostachys high temperatures reduced the germination percentage.Conclusion: Due to the reduction of seed germination percentage of different species of Amaranthus from a depth of more than one centimeter of soil, it seems that the use of conservation and conventional tillage methods has a good potential to reduce infestation of fields by these weeds.Also, although high temperatures reduce weed infestation in fields, they do not have a significant effect on depleting the seed bank of these species.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All A. blitoides seeds germinated at zero depth.
- Taxon
- A. blitoides
Amaranthus blitoidese0 - Outcome
- germinatede0
- Qualifier
- topsoil (zero depth)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All seeds of A. blitoides and A. viridis germinated in the topsoil (zero depth)”
Claim · model-written summary
All A. viridis seeds germinated at zero depth.
- Taxon
- A. viridis
Amaranthus viridise0 - Outcome
- A. viridis germinatede0
- Qualifier
- topsoil (zero depth)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All seeds of A. blitoides and A. viridis germinated in the topsoil (zero depth)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. albus emergence at the soil surface was 93%.
- Taxon
- A. albus
Amaranthus albuse0 - Outcome
- seeds were emergencee0
- Value
- 93%e0
- Qualifier
- soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in A. albus, A. retroflexus, A. chlorostachys, 93%, 83%, and 3% of the seeds were emergence at the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
A. retroflexus emergence at the soil surface was 83%.
- Taxon
- A. retroflexus
Amaranthus retroflexuse0 - Outcome
- seeds were emergencee0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Qualifier
- soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in A. albus, A. retroflexus, A. chlorostachys, 93%, 83%, and 3% of the seeds were emergence at the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
A. chlorostachys emergence at the soil surface was 3%.
- Taxon
- A. chlorostachys
Amaranthus cruentuse0 - Outcome
- seeds were emergencee0
- Value
- 3%e0
- Qualifier
- soil surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in A. albus, A. retroflexus, A. chlorostachys, 93%, 83%, and 3% of the seeds were emergence at the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
At one centimeter burial, Amaranthus seed emergence decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- Amaranthus
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=60)
Amaranthuse0 - Treatment
- burial depth to one centimetere0
- Outcome
- percentage of seeds emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_with_green_foliage%2C_photographed_in_Tamil_Nadu%2C_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“By increasing the burial depth to one centimeter, the percentage of seeds emergence in different species of Amaranthus decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2 cm depth, Amaranthus seed emergence was negligible.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Outcome
- negligiblee0
- Qualifier
- 2 cm depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was negligible at 2 cm depth”
t0“Amaranthus”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero to 16% of retrieved Amaranthus seeds could germinate in petri dishes.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Outcome
- seeds were able to germinatee0
- Value
- zero to 16%e0
- Setting
- petri dishese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zero to 16% of the seeds were able to germinate in petri dishes”
t0“Amaranthus”
Claim · model-written summary
Most nongerminated Amaranthus seeds remained viable.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Outcome
- non-germinated seeds were viablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the non-germinated seeds were viable”
t0“Amaranthus”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures reduced germination in all tested species except A. chlorostachys.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except for A. chlorostachyse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all species except for A. chlorostachys high temperatures reduced the germination percentage”
t0“Amaranthus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest conservation and conventional tillage to reduce Amaranthus field infestation.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Treatment
- conservation and conventional tillage methodse0
- Outcome
- reduce infestation of fields by these weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of conservation and conventional tillage methods has a good potential to reduce infestation of fields by these weeds”
t0“Amaranthus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude high temperature does not significantly deplete the seed bank.
- Taxon
- AmaranthusAmaranthust0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese0
- Outcome
- depleting the seed banke0
- Direction
- do not have a significant effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperatures reduce weed infestation in fields, they do not have a significant effect on depleting the seed bank of these species”
t0“Amaranthus”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · AmaranthusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.