Abstract
At present, returning vegetable straw in situ is an effective measure to solve environmental pollution and improve soil properties. However, the direct return of straw to the field can reduce the release rate of soil organic matter and cause serious soilborne diseases. The combined application of calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) and straw can solve this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CaCN2 combined with pepper straw return on cucumber yield, soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbial communities during 2020 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China. The treatments were designed as follows: (1) calcium cyanamide soil disinfection, CC; (2) fresh pepper straw return, LJ; (3) fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC; and (4) natural soil without straw return treatment, CK. Compared with CK, the LJ+CC treatment significantly improved cucumber production by 20%. The cultivable microbial community in the soil was temporarily inhibited during soil fumigation treatment, and the cultivable bacterial and actinomycete communities in the soil return to their initial levels after the film was removed (harvest period). The numbers of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil in the LJ+CC treatment were 4.68 × 107 CFU/g and 5.17 × 107 CFU/g, respectively, higher than those in the soil in the CC treatment. The contents of TN and OM in the LJ+CC treatment increased by 13.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared with that in LJ. Therefore, the LJ+CC treatment enhanced soil fertility and cucumber yields. CaCN2 can promote straw decomposition and straw can promote soil microbial recovery, and their combined application is considered a feasible and sustainable technique for utilizing vegetable residues in the greenhouse. The combination of returning pepper straw to the field and calcium cyanamide technology achieves a win-win situation of resource circulation and economic circulation by converting agricultural waste into fertilizer before being put into production. Based on this, it is recommended that the straw returning technology receives strong policy support, stimulates researchers to explore the feasibility of different vegetable straw returning to the field, promotes the implementation of this technology achievement, and leverages the environmental benefits of the application of straw returning technology.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pepper straw return and calcium cyanamide increased cucumber production by 20% relative to untreated soil.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfectione1
- Outcome
- cucumber productione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- natural soil without straw return treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with CK, the LJ+CC treatment significantly improved cucumber production by 20%”
e1“fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC”
e2“natural soil without straw return treatment, CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivable soil microbes were temporarily inhibited during fumigation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- soil fumigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- cultivable microbial community in the soile0
- Direction
- temporarily inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivable microbial community in the soil was temporarily inhibited during soil fumigation treatment”
t0“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivable bacteria and actinomycetes returned to initial levels after film removal.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- cultivable bacterial and actinomycete communities in the soile0
- Direction
- return to their initial levelse0
- Qualifier
- after the film was removed (harvest period)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cultivable bacterial and actinomycete communities in the soil return to their initial levels after the film was removed (harvest period)”
t0“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment produced 4.68 × 107 CFU/g culturable soil bacteria, more than calcium cyanamide alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfectione1
- Outcome
- culturable bacteriae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.68 × 107 CFU/ge0
- Comparator
- calcium cyanamide soil disinfectione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The numbers of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil in the LJ+CC treatment were 4.68 × 107 CFU/g and 5.17 × 107 CFU/g, respectively, higher than those in the soil in the CC treatment”
e1“fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC”
e2“calcium cyanamide soil disinfection, CC”
e3“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment produced 5.17 × 107 CFU/g culturable soil actinomycetes, more than calcium cyanamide alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfectione1
- Outcome
- actinomycetes in the soile0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.17 × 107 CFU/ge0
- Comparator
- calcium cyanamide soil disinfectione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The numbers of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil in the LJ+CC treatment were 4.68 × 107 CFU/g and 5.17 × 107 CFU/g, respectively, higher than those in the soil in the CC treatment”
e1“fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC”
e2“calcium cyanamide soil disinfection, CC”
e3“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased soil TN by 13.1% versus straw return alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfectione1
- Outcome
- TNe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.1%e0
- Comparator
- fresh pepper straw returne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of TN and OM in the LJ+CC treatment increased by 13.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared with that in LJ”
e1“fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC”
e2“fresh pepper straw return, LJ”
e3“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased soil OM by 13.5% versus straw return alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfectione1
- Outcome
- OMe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.5%e0
- Comparator
- fresh pepper straw returne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of TN and OM in the LJ+CC treatment increased by 13.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared with that in LJ”
e1“fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC”
e2“fresh pepper straw return, LJ”
e3“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude calcium cyanamide promotes straw decomposition.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- CaCN2e0
- Outcome
- straw decompositione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCN2 can promote straw decomposition”
e1“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude straw promotes soil microbial recovery.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- strawe0
- Outcome
- soil microbial recoverye0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“straw can promote soil microbial recovery”
e1“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors consider combined application feasible and sustainable for vegetable residue use in greenhouses.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- feasible and sustainable technique for utilizing vegetable residues in the greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their combined application is considered a feasible and sustainable technique for utilizing vegetable residues in the greenhouse”
e1“on cucumber yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend policy support for straw returning technology.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- straw returning technology receives strong policy supporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is recommended that the straw returning technology receives strong policy support”
e1“on cucumber yield”
The same questions in other papers
organic · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.