Abstract
Optimal plant growth in many species is achieved when the two major forms of N are supplied at a particular ratio. This study investigated optimal nitrogen forms and ratios for tomato growth using the 'Jingfan 502' tomato variety. Thirteen treatments were applied with varying proportions of nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), and urea nitrogen (UN). Results revealed that the combination of AN and UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth. Notably, the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, thereby promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control. Additionally, AN favored starch accumulation, while NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation. Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation. Key enzyme activity in metabolism also increased notably. In summary, T12 enhanced tomato growth by upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation. Growers should consider using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilization.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
AN with UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- combination of AN and UNe0
- Outcome
- tomato growth and photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of AN and UN inhibited tomato growth and photosynthetic capacity.”
Claim · model-written summary
NN with UN significantly enhanced tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NN and UNe0
- Outcome
- tomato plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
NN with AN significantly enhanced tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NN and ANe0
- Outcome
- tomato plant growthe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the joint application of NN and UN or NN and AN led to a significant enhancement in tomato plant growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
T12 significantly increased gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- T12 (75%UN:25%NN)e0
- Outcome
- gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 significantly increased gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- T4 (75%NN:25%AN)e0
- Outcome
- gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T12 (75%UN:25%NN) and T4 (75%NN:25%AN) treatments significantly increased the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T12 increased fructose content by 121.07% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T12 (75%UN:25%NN)e1
- Outcome
- fructosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 121.07%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T12 (75%UN:25%NN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T12 increased glucose content by 206.26% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T12 (75%UN:25%NN)e1
- Outcome
- glucosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 206.26%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T12 (75%UN:25%NN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T12 increased sucrose content by 94.64% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T12 (75%UN:25%NN)e1
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94.64%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T12 (75%UN:25%NN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased fructose content by 104.39% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T4 (75%NN:25%AN)e1
- Outcome
- fructosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 104.39%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T4 (75%NN:25%AN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased glucose content by 156.42% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T4 (75%NN:25%AN)e1
- Outcome
- glucosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 156.42%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T4 (75%NN:25%AN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased sucrose content by 61.40% relative to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T4 (75%NN:25%AN)e1
- Outcome
- sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.40%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were significantly increased by 121.07%, 206.26%, and 94.64% and by 104.39%, 156.42%, and 61.40%, respectively, compared with those in the control.”
e1“T4 (75%NN:25%AN)”
e2“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
AN favored starch accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- ANe0
- Outcome
- starch accumulatione0
- Direction
- favorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AN favored starch accumulation”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
NN favored fructose, sucrose and glucose accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- NNe0
- Outcome
- fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulatione0
- Direction
- favorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation.”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
UN favored fructose, sucrose and glucose accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- UNe0
- Outcome
- fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulatione0
- Direction
- favorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NN and UN favored fructose, sucrose, and glucose accumulation.”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T12 significantly increased expression of nitrogen and sugar metabolism genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- T12e0
- Outcome
- Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation.”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 significantly increased expression of nitrogen and sugar metabolism genes, less than T12.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- T4e0
- Outcome
- Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- T12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression related to nitrogen and sugar metabolism increased significantly in T12 and T4, with T12 showing greater upregulation.”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Key metabolic enzyme activity increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- Key enzyme activity in metabolisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key enzyme activity in metabolism also increased notably.”
e1“tomato plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that T12 enhances tomato growth through gene expression, enzyme activity, photosynthesis and sugar accumulation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- T12e0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Qualifier
- upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T12 enhanced tomato growth by upregulating gene expression, increasing enzyme activity, and boosting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers are advised to use NN and UN to reduce AN in tomato fertilization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should consider using NN and UN to reduce AN application in tomato fertilization.”
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