Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia ( C. equisetifolia ) is an economically important forest tree species, often cultivated in continuous monoculture as a coastal protection forest. Continuous planting has gradually affected growth and severely restricted the sustainable development of the C. equisetifolia industry. In this study, we analyzed the effects of continuous planting on C. equisetifolia growth and explored the rhizosphere soil microecological mechanism from a metagenomic perspective. The results showed that continuous planting resulted in dwarfing, shorter root length, and reduced C. equisetifolia seedling root system. Metagenomics analysis showed that 10 key characteristic microorganisms, mainly Actinoallomurus , Actinomadura , and Mycobacterium , were responsible for continuously planted C. equisetifolia trees. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of microorganisms in these three genera decreased significantly with the increase of continuous planting. Gene function analysis showed that continuous planting led to the weakening of the environmental information processing-signal transduction ability of soil characteristic microorganisms, and the decrease of C. equisetifolia trees against stress. Reduced capacity for metabolism, genetic information processing-replication and repair resulted in reduced microbial propagation and reduced microbial quantity in the rhizosphere soil of C. equisetifolia trees. Secondly, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were all significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the soil to synthesize and metabolize carbon and nitrogen. These reduced capacities further led to reduced soil microbial quantity, microbial carbon and nitrogen, microbial respiration intensity, reduced soil enzyme nutrient cycling and resistance-related enzyme activities, a significant reduction in available nutrient content of rhizosphere soils, a reduction in the ion exchange capacity, and an impediment to C. equisetifolia growth. This study provides an important basis for the management of continuously planted C. equisetifolia plantations.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous planting caused Casuarina dwarfing.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifoliae0 - Treatment
- continuous plantinge0
- Outcome
- dwarfinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous planting resulted in dwarfing, shorter root length, and reduced C. equisetifolia seedling root system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous planting shortened Casuarina roots.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Treatment
- continuous plantinge0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- shortere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous planting resulted in dwarfing, shorter root length, and reduced C. equisetifolia seedling root system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous planting reduced the Casuarina seedling root system.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Treatment
- continuous plantinge0
- Outcome
- seedling root systeme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous planting resulted in dwarfing, shorter root length, and reduced C. equisetifolia seedling root system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten characteristic microorganisms were associated with continuously planted Casuarina trees.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Interactor
- ActinoallomurusActinoallomuruse0symbiont
- Outcome
- key characteristic microorganismse0
- Value
- 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 key characteristic microorganisms, mainly Actinoallomurus , Actinomadura , and Mycobacterium , were responsible for continuously planted C. equisetifolia trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinoallomurus numbers decreased significantly with more continuous planting.
- Treatment
- continuous plantinge0
- Outcome
- number of microorganisms in these three generae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the number of microorganisms in these three genera decreased significantly with the increase of continuous planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous planting weakened microbial signal transduction and Casuarina stress defense.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Treatment
- continuous plantinge0
- Outcome
- decrease of C. equisetifolia trees against stresse0
- Qualifier
- weakening of the environmental information processing-signal transduction ability of soil characteristic microorganismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous planting led to the weakening of the environmental information processing-signal transduction ability of soil characteristic microorganisms, and the decrease of C. equisetifolia trees against stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced microbial metabolism and replication were linked to reduced microbial propagation and quantity.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Outcome
- reduced microbial propagation and reduced microbial quantitye0
- Qualifier
- Reduced capacity for metabolism, genetic information processing-replication and repaire0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced capacity for metabolism, genetic information processing-replication and repair resulted in reduced microbial propagation and reduced microbial quantity in the rhizosphere soil of C. equisetifolia trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
Several microbial metabolic pathways were significantly reduced.
- Outcome
- amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolisme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were all significantly reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil capacity to synthesize and metabolize carbon and nitrogen decreased.
- Outcome
- ability of the soil to synthesize and metabolize carbon and nitrogene0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- resulting in a decreasee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a decrease in the ability of the soil to synthesize and metabolize carbon and nitrogen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced microbial capacity lowered soil microbes, microbial carbon and nitrogen, and respiration.
- Outcome
- soil microbial quantity, microbial carbon and nitrogen, microbial respiration intensitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- These reduced capacitiese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These reduced capacities further led to reduced soil microbial quantity, microbial carbon and nitrogen, microbial respiration intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced microbial capacity lowered soil enzyme nutrient cycling and resistance activities.
- Outcome
- soil enzyme nutrient cycling and resistance-related enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- reduced soil enzyme nutrient cyclinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“reduced soil enzyme nutrient cycling and resistance-related enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere available nutrients were significantly reduced.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in available nutrient content of rhizosphere soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere ion exchange capacity fell.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a reduction in the ion exchange capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil changes impeded Casuarina growth.
- Taxon
- C. equisetifoliaCasuarina equisetifoliae0
- Outcome
- C. equisetifolia growthe0
- Qualifier
- impedimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an impediment to C. equisetifolia growth.”