Abstract
Seaweeds are used in traditional agriculture practices because of their beneficial effects. Recently, the rising demand for organically grown foods has amplified the use of organic fertilizers such as seaweed extracts. Despite their beneficial effects, few studies have reported information about compounds in seaweed extracts that are responsible for these benefits. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationships between the components and secondary metabolites in four seaweed liquid extracts from Eisenia arborea, Macrocystis pyrifera, Padina caulescens, and Sargassum horridum and their biostimulant activity through changes in the germination, growth, and protein content of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum). The E. arborea and S. horridum extracts showed similar compositions (ash, organic carbon, bicarbonates, and chlorides), minerals (Ca, Fe, and Cu) and secondary metabolites (triterpenes and saponins), albeit with different component concentrations. The chemical composition of the P. caulescens extract was significantly different from those of the other extracts; it was characterized by high levels of total nitrogen, phenols, and carbohydrates. Almost all seaweed extracts had beneficial effects on seed germination and seedling length, except the S. horridum extract that inhibits germination. The hierarchical clustering plots and principal component analysis indicated that germination and protein content are related to the presence of sterol. Shoot length was closely related to mineral levels (K, Zn, B, Na) and the C:N ratio, whereas radicle length was closely related to the content of nitrogen, carbohydrates, phenols, and flavonoids in the seaweed extracts. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and require further studies.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
E. arborea and S. horridum extracts had similar composition and metabolites at different concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlings
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Outcome
- similar compositionse0
- Qualifier
- different component concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The E. arborea and S. horridum extracts showed similar compositions (ash, organic carbon, bicarbonates, and chlorides), minerals (Ca, Fe, and Cu) and secondary metabolites (triterpenes and saponins), albeit with different component concentrations.”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. caulescens extract differed significantly and had high nitrogen, phenols, and carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- chemical compositione0
- Direction
- high levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chemical composition of the P. caulescens extract was significantly different from those of the other extracts; it was characterized by high levels of total nitrogen, phenols, and carbohydrates.”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most seaweed extracts benefited seed germination and seedling length.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- seaweed extractse0
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- beneficial effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Almost all seaweed extracts had beneficial effects on seed germination and seedling length, except the S. horridum extract that inhibits germination.”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. horridum extract inhibited germination.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- S. horridum extracte0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the S. horridum extract that inhibits germination”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination and protein content were related to sterol presence.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- sterole0
- Outcome
- germination and protein contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and protein content are related to the presence of sterol”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length was related to mineral levels and C:N ratio.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- mineral levels (K, Zn, B, Na)e0
- Outcome
- Shoot lengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot length was closely related to mineral levels (K, Zn, B, Na) and the C:N ratio”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle length was related to extract nitrogen, carbohydrate, phenol, and flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- tomato seedlingsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- nitrogen, carbohydrates, phenols, and flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- radicle lengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radicle length was closely related to the content of nitrogen, carbohydrates, phenols, and flavonoids in the seaweed extracts”
e1“tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum)”
The same questions in other papers
other · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
156 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
171 papers more in this group
See all 175 papers →botanical · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
87 papers in the same direction as this paper · 203 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.