Abstract
As a fourth major food crop, potato could fulfill the nutritional demand of the growing population. Understanding how potato plants respond to predicted increase in atmospheric CO 2 at the physiological, biochemical and molecular level is therefore important to improve potato productivity. Thus, the main objectives of the present study are to investigate the effects of elevated CO 2 on the photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and tuber yield of various commercial potato cultivars combined with biochemical and molecular analyses. We grew five potato cultivars (AC Novachip, Atlantic, Kennebec, Russet Burbank and Shepody) at either ambient CO 2 (400 μmol CO 2 mol −1 ) or elevated (750 μmol CO 2 mol −1 ) CO 2 . Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively. These differences in CO 2 -enhancement of tuber yield across the cultivars were mainly associated with the differences in CO 2 -stimulation of rates of photosynthesis. For instance, elevated CO 2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light. Elevated CO 2 significantly increased the total tuber number for Atlantic (40%) and Shepody (83%) but had insignificant effects for other cultivars. Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions. Although elevated CO 2 minimally decreased stomatal conductance (6–22%) and transpiration rates (2–36%), instantaneous water use efficiency increased by up to 79% in all cultivars suggesting that enhanced water use efficiency was mainly associated with increased photosynthesis at elevated CO 2 . The effects of elevated CO 2 on electron transport rates, non-photochemical quenching, excitation pressure, and leaf chlorophyll and protein content varied across the cultivars. We did not observe any significant differences in plant growth and morphology in elevated versus ambient CO 2 -grown plants. Taken all together, we conclude that the CO 2 -stimulation of photosynthetic performance, water use efficiency and tuber yield of potatoes is cultivar dependent.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Russet Burbank tuber yield increased under elevated CO2 by 107%.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Material
- Russet Burbanke0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 107%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shepody tuber yield increased under elevated CO2 by 49%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Shepodye0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
AC Novachip tuber yield increased under elevated CO2 by 16%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- AC Novachipe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantic tuber yield increased under elevated CO2 by 6%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Atlantice0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kennebec tuber yield increased under elevated CO2 by 44%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Kennebece0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to ambient CO 2 -grown counterparts, elevated CO 2 -grown Russet Burbank and Shepody exhibited a significant increase in tuber yield of 107% and 49% respectively, whereas AC Novachip, Atlantic and Kennebec exhibited a 16%, 6% and 44% increment respectively.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
AC Novachip gross photosynthesis rose under elevated CO2 by 30%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- AC Novachipe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- rates of gross photosynthesise0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO 2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Russet Burbank gross photosynthesis rose under elevated CO2 by 41%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Russet Burbanke0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- rates of gross photosynthesise0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO 2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shepody gross photosynthesis rose under elevated CO2 by 28%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Shepodye0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- rates of gross photosynthesise0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO 2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had minimal effect on gross photosynthesis in Atlantic and Kennebec.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Atlantic and Kennebece0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- rates of gross photosynthesise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated CO 2 significantly stimulated the rates of gross photosynthesis for AC Novachip (30%), Russet Burbank (41%) and Shepody (28%) but had minimal effects for Atlantic and Kennebec when measured at growth light.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantic total tuber number increased under elevated CO2 by 40%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Atlantice0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- total tuber numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 significantly increased the total tuber number for Atlantic (40%) and Shepody (83%) but had insignificant effects for other cultivars.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shepody total tuber number increased under elevated CO2 by 83%.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Shepodye0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- total tuber numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 significantly increased the total tuber number for Atlantic (40%) and Shepody (83%) but had insignificant effects for other cultivars.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Other cultivars had insignificant tuber number responses to elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- other cultivarse0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- total tuber numbere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO 2 significantly increased the total tuber number for Atlantic (40%) and Shepody (83%) but had insignificant effects for other cultivars.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
AC Novachip average tuber size increased by 16% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- AC Novachipe0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- Average tuber sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kennebec average tuber size increased by 30% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Kennebece0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- Average tuber sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Russet Burbank average tuber size increased by 80% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Russet Burbanke0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- Average tuber sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 80%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlantic average tuber size decreased by 25% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Atlantice0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- Average tuber sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Shepody average tuber size decreased by 19% under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Shepodye0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- Average tuber sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average tuber size increased for AC Novachip (16%), Kennebec (30%) and Russet Burbank (80%), but decreased for Atlantic (25%) and Shepody (19%) under elevated versus ambient CO 2 conditions.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 was associated with cultivar differences in tuber yield enhancement and photosynthesis stimulation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 -stimulation of rates of photosynthesise0
- Outcome
- CO 2 -enhancement of tuber yielde0
- Qualifier
- across the cultivarse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differences in CO 2 -enhancement of tuber yield across the cultivars were mainly associated with the differences in CO 2 -stimulation of rates of photosynthesis.”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and transpiration declined slightly under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6–22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although elevated CO 2 minimally decreased stomatal conductance (6–22%) and transpiration rates (2–36%)”
t0“potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Instantaneous water use efficiency increased by up to 79% in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2t0
- Outcome
- instantaneous water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“instantaneous water use efficiency increased by up to 79% in all cultivars”
t0“potato yield under elevated CO2 is cultivar dependent”
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