Abstract
Metal pollution is a major environmental problem which affects agriculture and human health. Turkey has significant Cu mining areas in Diyarbak?r and its surrounding areas (Southeast Anatolia). Several crop plants cultivated in these areas are irrigated with water from the Tigris, and most agricultural lands are contaminated with Cu. Brassica nigra and B. juncea are well-known metal accumulator plant species which can hyperaccumulate metals, including copper, in their shoots. The purpose of this study is to evaluate their potential for the phytoremediation of Cu from these contaminated areas as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective means of reducing Cu-contamination. In this research, B. nigra and B. juncea plants were grown in soil at different Cu concentrations (0 to 1000 ?M) and showed no toxicity symptoms while accumulating a significant amount of metal in their leaves. In the leaves of both species, the Cu content increased significantly with the increase in the Cu level in the media. HMA1 (Heavy Metal ATPase 1) in the leaves of both plant species gradually increased with increased Cu levels until 50 ?M, then its expression slowly decreased with the further increase in Cu levels. The expression of HMA3 also increased with an increase in Cu in the leaves of both plant species. However, its expression pattern differed from that of HMA1. Our data showed that an increase in Cu levels in the leaves triggers the expression of both genes, suggesting that they play an active role in Cu detoxification. We propose that these plant species could be used for the decontamination of Cu from polluted soils. These data also indicate that Cu accumulation and tolerance in both plant species is probably a multi-genetic response, possibly involving several other transporter genes in the stress signal pathway. Hence, we also explored the expression of the other metal transporters, such as other HMAs (HMAs 5-8), Nramps (e.g., Nramp3), COPT proteins, and some Cu chaperons in these plant species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica nigra and B. juncea grown at 0 to 1000 µM Cu in soil showed no toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. juncea
Brassica juncea_leaves.JPG?width=60)
Brassica nigrat0 - Treatment
- different Cu concentrationse1
- Outcome
- toxicity symptomse1
- Setting
- soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_leaves.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e1“B. nigra and B. juncea plants were grown in soil at different Cu concentrations (0 to 1000 ?M) and showed no toxicity symptoms while accumulating a significant amount of metal in their leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica nigra and B. juncea accumulated a significant amount of metal in their leaves.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- amount of metale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e1“B. nigra and B. juncea plants were grown in soil at different Cu concentrations (0 to 1000 ?M) and showed no toxicity symptoms while accumulating a significant amount of metal in their leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu content in the leaves of both species increased significantly with increasing Cu level in the medium.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- the increase in the Cu level in the mediae2
- Outcome
- Cu contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e2“In the leaves of both species, the Cu content increased significantly with the increase in the Cu level in the media”
Claim · model-written summary
HMA1 expression in the leaves of both species gradually increased with increasing Cu levels until 50 ?M.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- increased Cu levelse3
- Gene
- HMA1 (Heavy Metal ATPase 1)e3
- Outcome
- HMA1 (Heavy Metal ATPase 1) in the leavese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- until 50 ?Me3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e3“HMA1 (Heavy Metal ATPase 1) in the leaves of both plant species gradually increased with increased Cu levels until 50 ?M”
Claim · model-written summary
HMA1 expression in the leaves decreased slowly with further increases in Cu levels above 50 ?M.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- further increase in Cu levelse4
- Gene
- HMA1e3
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e3“HMA1 (Heavy Metal ATPase 1) in the leaves of both plant species gradually increased with increased Cu levels until 50 ?M”
e4“then its expression slowly decreased with the further increase in Cu levels”
Claim · model-written summary
HMA3 expression in the leaves of both species increased with increasing Cu.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- an increase in Cue5
- Gene
- HMA3e5
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e5“The expression of HMA3 also increased with an increase in Cu in the leaves of both plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
The HMA3 expression pattern differed from that of HMA1.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Gene
- HMA3e5
- Outcome
- expression patterne6
- Direction
- differede6
- Comparator
- HMA1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e5“The expression of HMA3 also increased with an increase in Cu in the leaves of both plant species”
e6“However, its expression pattern differed from that of HMA1”
Claim · model-written summary
An increase in Cu levels in the leaves triggers expression of both HMA1 and HMA3, suggesting an active role in Cu detoxification.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Treatment
- an increase in Cu levelse0
- Outcome
- expression of both genese0
- Qualifier
- play an active role in Cu detoxificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e0“Our data showed that an increase in Cu levels in the leaves triggers the expression of both genes, suggesting that they play an active role in Cu detoxification”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica nigra and B. juncea could be used for decontamination of Cu from polluted soils.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Outcome
- decontamination of Cu from polluted soilse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e7“We propose that these plant species could be used for the decontamination of Cu from polluted soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu accumulation and tolerance in both species is probably a multi-genetic response involving other transporter genes.
- Taxon
- Brassica nigra and B. junceaBrassica junceaBrassica nigrat0
- Outcome
- Cu accumulation and tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- multi-genetic responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica nigra and B. juncea”
e0“These data also indicate that Cu accumulation and tolerance in both plant species is probably a multi-genetic response, possibly involving several other transporter genes in the stress signal pathway”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
in vitro · nutrient: content · Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.