Abstract
Strawberry is one of the most lucrative antioxidants and phytochemicals enriched temperate fruits. Nevertheless, good-quality fruit production requires special soil management practices like mulching and other strategies in tropical and sub-tropical regimes with short and dry winters. In the present research, strawberry var. BARI Strawberry-3 was cultivated using Asian watermoss (AW), water hyacinth (WH), paddy straw (PS), black polythene (BP), and silver polythene (SP) mulching along with control at the tropical weather-inclined southern part of Bangladesh from October 2018 to April 2019. The aim was to evaluate the comparative influences of those organic and synthetic mulches on root and shoot growth phenology along with subsequent reproductive behaviors, fruit yield, and fruit biochemical properties of strawberries under such an ecosystem. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Mulching exhibited statistical superiority over control for strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality indicators, where organic mulches performed better than others. Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass. Though the plants received AW mulch required maximum duration from transplanting to flowering (47.88 days) and flowering to harvest (29.60 days), those plants produced the highest number of flowers (21.20 per plant) as well as fruits (19.63 per plant), and ultimately the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha) being significantly dissonant from all other treatments. Thus, a 57.57% yield increase over control was recorded from AW mulching. Furthermore, statistically, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment. WH and BP mulches had statistical consistency with the best treatment for a few attributes. Therefore, crop residues, aquatic plants, or their by-products can be used as mulch for quality strawberry production in dry winter, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching improved strawberry growth, yield and quality indicators over control.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- Mulchinge0
- Outcome
- strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality indicatorse0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Mulching exhibited statistical superiority over control for strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality indicators, where organic mulches performed better than others.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic mulches performed better than other mulches.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- organic mulches performed bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic mulches performed better than others.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave maximum plant height of 20.40 cm.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 20.40 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave maximum leaf number of 23.33 per plant.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 23.33 per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave maximum canopy diameter of 34.30 cm.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- canopy diametere0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 34.30 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave maximum single leaf area of 100.06 cm2.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- single leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100.06 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave maximum root length of 19.05 cm.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 19.05 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave the highest root and shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge1
- Outcome
- root and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass.”
t0“Strawberry”
e1“Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching delayed transplanting to flowering to 47.88 days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulche0
- Outcome
- duration from transplanting to floweringe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 47.88 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants received AW mulch required maximum duration from transplanting to flowering (47.88 days) and flowering to harvest (29.60 days)”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching prolonged flowering to harvest to 29.60 days.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulche0
- Outcome
- flowering to harveste0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 29.60 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plants received AW mulch required maximum duration from transplanting to flowering (47.88 days) and flowering to harvest (29.60 days)”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave 21.20 flowers per plant, the highest number.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge1
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 21.20 per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those plants produced the highest number of flowers (21.20 per plant) as well as fruits (19.63 per plant), and ultimately the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha)”
t0“Strawberry”
e1“Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave 19.63 fruits per plant, the highest number.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge1
- Outcome
- fruitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19.63 per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those plants produced the highest number of flowers (21.20 per plant) as well as fruits (19.63 per plant), and ultimately the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha)”
t0“Strawberry”
e1“Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching gave utmost fruit yield of 370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 57.57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha) being significantly dissonant from all other treatments. Thus, a 57.57% yield increase over control was recorded from AW mulching.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW mulching increased yield 57.57% over control.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- AW mulchinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 57.57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 57.57% yield increase over control was recorded from AW mulching.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
AW treatment gave maximum total soluble solids of 9.93%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AW treatmente0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 9.93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
AW treatment gave maximum TSS/acidity ratio of 17.37.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AW treatmente0
- Outcome
- TSS/acidity ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 17.37e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
AW treatment gave maximum vitamin C of 58.30 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AW treatmente0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 58.30 mg/100 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
AW treatment gave minimum titratable acidity of 0.57%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- AW treatmente0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
WH and BP matched the best mulch for some attributes.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- statistical consistency with the best treatment for a few attributese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WH and BP mulches had statistical consistency with the best treatment for a few attributes.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residues and aquatic plants can be used as mulch for quality strawberry production.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- quality strawberry productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop residues, aquatic plants, or their by-products can be used as mulch for quality strawberry production in dry winter, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.”
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