Abstract
Climate change poses a wave of pests, devastating crops and jeopardizing the quest to feed more than 8 billion people globally. This can be seen in fall armyworm and snails being a nightmare to maize productivity. Thus this study was set up to increase maize productivity by reducing maize pests (FAW and snails) in maize-legume intercropping with locally manufactured organic (botanical) insecticide and utilizing legume nitrogen-fixing ability for maize growth and production. This work was done at the University of Buea and had nine treatments, and each was replicated three times in a randomize complete block design. The main crop maize was intercropped with beans and cowpea. Data on fall armyworm incidence and severity, snail incidence and severity, height of plant, leaf number, girth of stem, leaf area index, and maize grain dry weight were collected. Data was subjected to ANOVA, P<0.05, using SPSSv26 and graphs drawn with excel. More damaged plants for FAW and snails occurred in control, 14, and 11 plants, respectively, and were substantially different (P<0.05) among treatments. The most pests were recorded in control 4 FAW and 3 snails per plant which varied statistically (P<0.05). Maize growth parameters (height of plant, leaf number, girth of stem, leaf area index) differed greatly (P<0.05) across treatments, with control recording the least (206 cm, 13, 7.4 cm and 641 cm2 respectively). The best results were obtained with an intercrop of maize and cowpea along with synthetic or Piper pesticide. (236.4 cm, 16, 10.6 cm and 730.6 cm2 respectively) with no statistical difference. The highest maize yield was recorded in maize+cowpea intercrop coupled with Piper or synthetic insecticide (6.13 and 5.93 t/ha, respectively), with significant (P<0.05) difference. Plant damage was connected adversely with yield (r = -0.90 for FAW, r = -0.94 for snail) and favourably with the number of pests (r = 0.70 for FAW, r = 0.86 for snail). Intercropping and Piper emulsion effectively managed maize pests, while boosting maize output. As a result, farmers can utilize this maize-dwarf bean and maize-cowpea intercrop, as well as the organic Piper emulsion approach, as a sustainable crop protection and fertilizer management strategy to increase production.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Control maize had 14 fall armyworm damaged plants, with damage differing among treatments.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More damaged plants for FAW and snails occurred in control, 14, and 11 plants, respectively, and were substantially different (P<0.05) among treatments.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Control maize had 11 snail damaged plants, with damage differing among treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More damaged plants for FAW and snails occurred in control, 14, and 11 plants, respectively, and were substantially different (P<0.05) among treatments.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The control recorded four fall armyworms per plant.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most pests were recorded in control 4 FAW and 3 snails per plant which varied statistically (P<0.05).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The control recorded three snails per plant.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most pests were recorded in control 4 FAW and 3 snails per plant which varied statistically (P<0.05).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize growth parameters differed significantly across treatments, with least values in control.
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Maize growth parameterse0
- Direction
- differed greatlye0
- Qualifier
- height of plant, leaf number, girth of stem, leaf area indexe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize growth parameters (height of plant, leaf number, girth of stem, leaf area index) differed greatly (P<0.05) across treatments, with control recording the least (206 cm, 13, 7.4 cm and 641 cm2 respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and cowpea with synthetic or Piper pesticide produced the best growth parameters without a statistical difference between pesticides.
- Treatment
- intercrop of maize and cowpea along with synthetic or Piper pesticidee0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- with no statistical differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best results were obtained with an intercrop of maize and cowpea along with synthetic or Piper pesticide. (236.4 cm, 16, 10.6 cm and 730.6 cm2 respectively) with no statistical difference.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and cowpea with Piper insecticide yielded 6.13 t/ha, the highest yield.
- Treatment
- maize+cowpea intercrop coupled with Pipere0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.13e0
- Comparator
- synthetic insecticidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize yield was recorded in maize+cowpea intercrop coupled with Piper or synthetic insecticide (6.13 and 5.93 t/ha, respectively), with significant (P<0.05) difference.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize and cowpea with synthetic insecticide yielded 5.93 t/ha.
- Treatment
- maize+cowpea intercrop coupled with Piper or synthetic insecticidee0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.93 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest maize yield was recorded in maize+cowpea intercrop coupled with Piper or synthetic insecticide (6.13 and 5.93 t/ha, respectively), with significant (P<0.05) difference.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm damage was negatively associated with maize yield (r = -0.90).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant damage was connected adversely with yield (r = -0.90 for FAW, r = -0.94 for snail) and favourably with the number of pests (r = 0.70 for FAW, r = 0.86 for snail).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Snail damage was negatively associated with maize yield (r = -0.94).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant damage was connected adversely with yield (r = -0.90 for FAW, r = -0.94 for snail) and favourably with the number of pests (r = 0.70 for FAW, r = 0.86 for snail).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall armyworm damage was positively associated with pest numbers (r = 0.70).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant damage was connected adversely with yield (r = -0.90 for FAW, r = -0.94 for snail) and favourably with the number of pests (r = 0.70 for FAW, r = 0.86 for snail).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Snail damage was positively associated with pest numbers (r = 0.86).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant damage was connected adversely with yield (r = -0.90 for FAW, r = -0.94 for snail) and favourably with the number of pests (r = 0.70 for FAW, r = 0.86 for snail).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that intercropping and Piper emulsion managed maize pests and boosted output.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping and Piper emulsion effectively managed maize pests, while boosting maize output.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend maize dwarf bean and maize cowpea intercropping and Piper emulsion to increase production.
- Outcome
- maize-dwarf bean and maize-cowpea intercrop, as well as the organic Piper emulsion approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result, farmers can utilize this maize-dwarf bean and maize-cowpea intercrop, as well as the organic Piper emulsion approach, as a sustainable crop protection and fertilizer management strategy to increase production.”
The same questions in other papers
Piper · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
insecticide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
49 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →intercropping · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
612 papers in the same direction as this paper · 181 in the opposite direction · 40 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
830 papers more in this group
See all 834 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.