Abstract
Introduction Estimates indicate that food and nutritional demand in sub-Saharan African nutrient-poor soils will exceed the high population demand. Vegetables such as amaranth and cowpea are key in contributing to food and nutritional security. Fertilizers are used to mitigate low nutrient levels in soils. This study aimed to investigate the yield parameters of cowpea and amaranth vegetables. Methods The experiment was designed with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure in a completely randomized design, with intercropping and fertilizer level as treatment factors and with four replications. Results and discussion The biomass of amaranth and cowpea increased with increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer. A measure of land utilization showed values greater than one. Crop comparison showed that cowpea was more aggressive, had higher actual yield loss, and was highly competitive compared to amaranth. More income could be obtained from intercropping. The research shows the benefits of fertilizer application in improving the biomass of amaranth and cowpea. Overall, the application of NPK fertilizer at levels up to 100%, based on the results of this study, resulted in higher biomass accumulation and improved intercropping indices.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Amaranth biomass increased as NPK fertilizer rose to 100%.
- Taxon
- amaranth
.JPG?width=60)
Amaranthus caudatuse0 - Treatment
- increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizere0
- Outcome
- biomass of amaranthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of amaranth and cowpea increased with increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea biomass increased as NPK fertilizer rose to 100%.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizere0
- Outcome
- biomass of amaranth and cowpeae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The biomass of amaranth and cowpea increased with increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Land utilization in the intercrop exceeded one.
- Taxon
- cowpea–amaranthAmaranthus caudatusVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- land utilizatione0
- Direction
- greater than onee0
- Value
- greater than onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A measure of land utilization showed values greater than one.”
t0“cowpea–amaranth intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea was more aggressive and competitive than amaranth.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- more aggressivee0
- Direction
- more aggressivee0
- Comparator
- amaranthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop comparison showed that cowpea was more aggressive, had higher actual yield loss, and was highly competitive compared to amaranth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea had higher actual yield loss than amaranth.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- actual yield losse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- amaranthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop comparison showed that cowpea was more aggressive, had higher actual yield loss, and was highly competitive compared to amaranth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report greater income from intercropping.
- Taxon
- cowpea–amaranthAmaranthus caudatusVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- incomee0
- Direction
- Moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More income could be obtained from intercropping.”
t0“cowpea–amaranth intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer up to 100% improved intercropping indices.
- Taxon
- cowpea–amaranthAmaranthus caudatusVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- application of NPK fertilizer at levels up to 100%e0
- Outcome
- intercropping indicese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of NPK fertilizer at levels up to 100%, based on the results of this study, resulted in higher biomass accumulation and improved intercropping indices.”
t0“cowpea–amaranth intercrop”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →intercropping · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
62 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- negative
99 papers more in this group
See all 103 papers →fertilization · growth · Amaranthus caudatus (amaranth)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →potassium · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →nitrogen · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →fertilization · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
130 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
139 papers more in this group
See all 143 papers →nitrogen · growth · Amaranthus caudatus (amaranth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
phosphorus · growth · Amaranthus caudatus (amaranth)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.