Abstract
Abstract Maize grain production in the tropics is affected by Fusarium verticillioides , leading to significant losses in yield and quality. Fungicides are commonly used to control foliar diseases and increase grain yield, but have limited efficacy against F. verticillioides and may even stimulate the fungus to produce mycotoxins. Biocontrol can reduce F. verticillioides populations and fumonisin, but little is known about the resulting microbial interactions on the phylloplane and their relationship with F. verticillioides . This study aimed at evaluating the impact of different foliar treatments on the cultivable phylloplane community of fungi and bacteria and their potential in controlling F. verticillioides in maize. Results showed that two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 increased the percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungi against F. verticillioides by 25.0% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with the water control. However, two sprays with a triazole + strobilurin fungicide at different phenological stages in maize reduced such antagonistic communities. From field trials, 34 bacteria and 13 fungi from the phylloplane were selected for their inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides , with most coming from the exclusive treatment with BIOUFLA2. The study also revealed that the biocontrol agent‐recruited phylloplane indigenous lineages act through antibiosis, competition, and parasitism. Therefore, the adoption of biocontrol to limit F. verticillioides population build‐up not only has a direct activity on the pathogen but also recruits fungal and bacterial antagonists that may act additively or synergistically with the applied biocontrol agent.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 increased the percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteria by 25.0% compared with the water control.
- Treatment
- two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2e0
- Interactor
- native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungie0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.0%e0
- Comparator
- the water controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 increased the percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungi against F. verticillioides by 25.0% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with the water control”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 increased the percentage of native phylloplane antagonist fungi by 27.3% compared with the water control.
- Treatment
- two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2e0
- Interactor
- native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungie0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.3%e0
- Comparator
- the water controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two sprays of Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 increased the percentage of native phylloplane antagonist bacteria and fungi against F. verticillioides by 25.0% and 27.3%, respectively, compared with the water control”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays with a triazole + strobilurin fungicide at different phenological stages reduced the antagonistic communities in maize.
- Treatment
- two sprays with a triazole + strobilurin fungicidee1
- Interactor
- antagonistic communitiese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic communitiese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“two sprays with a triazole + strobilurin fungicide at different phenological stages in maize reduced such antagonistic communities”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Field trials yielded 34 bacteria selected for inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides.
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- selected for their inhibitory activitye2
- Value
- 34 bacteriae2
- Setting
- field trialse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“From field trials, 34 bacteria and 13 fungi from the phylloplane were selected for their inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides, with most coming from the exclusive treatment with BIOUFLA2”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Field trials yielded 13 fungi selected for inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides.
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese2pathogen
- Outcome
- selected for their inhibitory activitye2
- Value
- 13 fungie2
- Setting
- field trialse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“From field trials, 34 bacteria and 13 fungi from the phylloplane were selected for their inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides, with most coming from the exclusive treatment with BIOUFLA2”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Most selected antagonists came from the exclusive BIOUFLA2 treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“From field trials, 34 bacteria and 13 fungi from the phylloplane were selected for their inhibitory activity against F. verticillioides, with most coming from the exclusive treatment with BIOUFLA2”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol agent-recruited phylloplane indigenous lineages act through antibiosis, competition and parasitism.
- Interactor
- phylloplane indigenous lineagese3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- act through antibiosis, competition, and parasitisme3
- Qualifier
- antibiosis, competition, and parasitisme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The study also revealed that the biocontrol agent‐recruited phylloplane indigenous lineages act through antibiosis, competition, and parasitism”
t0“antagonistic to Fusarium verticillioides in maize”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.