Abstract
The widespread and continuous cultivation of tobacco has led to soil degradation and reduced crop yields and quality. Green manure is an essential organic fertilizer that alleviates obstacles to continuous cultivation. However, the plant–soil microecological effects of green manure on flue-cured tobacco cultivation remain unclear. Thus, a positioning trail including two treatments, chemical fertilizer application only (treatment NPK) and chemical fertilizer application with turning ryegrass (treatment NPKG) was conducted, and the effect of ryegrass returning on the soil physicochemical properties, soil microbiome, crop yield, and quality of flue-cured tobacco in continuous cropping soil were investigated. Results showed that returning ryegrass to the field increased the thickness of soil humus layer from 13 cm to 15 cm, reduced the humus layer soil bulk density to 1.29 cm 3 /g. Ryegrass tilled and returned to the field increased soil organic matter content by 6.89–7.92%, increased rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content by 2.22–17.96%, and converted the soil non-exchangeable potassium into potassium that was available for plant absorption and utilization. Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field increased the potassium content of middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco by 7.69–10.07%, the increased potassium content in flue-cured tobacco was accompanied by increased total sugar, reducing sugar, and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine, which facilitated the harmonization of the chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves. Moreover, the increased number of markedly improved operational taxonomic units enhanced the complexity of the soil bacterial community and its compactness after ryegrass tillage and their return to the field. The available potassium, available phosphorus, total potassium content, pH, and sampling period of the rhizosphere soil had considerable effects on the rhizosphere microbial. Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field changed the soil microbiome, which increased the abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteria, rhizosphere soil Fibrobacterota, and microbes with anti-pathogen activity ( Lysobacteria, Sphingomonas, Chaetomium, and Minimedusa ); and reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Neocosmospore genus in the soil. In brief, ryegrass returned to the field, improved soil microecology and restored soil nutrients, and established a new dynamic balance of soil ecology, thereby improving the quality of cultivated land and the quality of flue-cured tobacco.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased soil humus layer thickness from 13 to 15 cm.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- returning ryegrass to the fielde0
- Outcome
- thickness of soil humus layere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15 cme0
- Qualifier
- 13 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“returning ryegrass to the field increased the thickness of soil humus layer from 13 cm to 15 cm”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return reduced humus layer bulk density to 1.29 cm 3 /g.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Outcome
- humus layer soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.29 cm 3 /ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the humus layer soil bulk density to 1.29 cm 3 /g”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased soil organic matter by 6.89–7.92%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Ryegrass tilled and returned to the fielde0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.89–7.92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ryegrass tilled and returned to the field increased soil organic matter content by 6.89–7.92%”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased rhizosphere available phosphorus by 2.22–17.96%.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere soil available phosphorus contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.22–17.96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased rhizosphere soil available phosphorus content by 2.22–17.96%”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return converted nonexchangeable soil potassium to plant available potassium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Outcome
- potassium that was available for plant absorption and utilizatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“converted the soil non-exchangeable potassium into potassium that was available for plant absorption and utilization”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased tobacco middle-leaf potassium by 7.69–10.07%.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Organ / stage
- middle leavese0
- Treatment
- Ryegrass tilling and returning to the fielde0
- Outcome
- potassium content of middle leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.69–10.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field increased the potassium content of middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco by 7.69–10.07%”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased tobacco potassium accompanied increased total sugar and reducing sugar.
Verbatim
e0“increased potassium content in flue-cured tobacco was accompanied by increased total sugar, reducing sugar, and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased tobacco potassium accompanied an increased reducing sugar to nicotine ratio.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“increased potassium content in flue-cured tobacco was accompanied by increased total sugar, reducing sugar, and the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return enhanced soil bacterial community complexity and compactness.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- ryegrass tillage and their return to the fielde0
- Outcome
- complexity of the soil bacterial community and its compactnesse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased number of markedly improved operational taxonomic units enhanced the complexity of the soil bacterial community and its compactness after ryegrass tillage and their return to the field”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil potassium, phosphorus, pH and sampling period affected rhizosphere microbes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbiale0
- Setting
- rhizosphere soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The available potassium, available phosphorus, total potassium content, pH, and sampling period of the rhizosphere soil had considerable effects on the rhizosphere microbial”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased bulk-soil Proteobacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Ryegrass tilling and returning to the fielde0
- Interactor
- ProteobacteriaPseudomonadotae0other
- Outcome
- abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ryegrass tilling and returning to the field changed the soil microbiome, which increased the abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteria”
t0“flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased rhizosphere Fibrobacterota abundance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Interactor
- FibrobacterotaFibrobacterotae0other
- Outcome
- rhizosphere soil Fibrobacterotae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteria, rhizosphere soil Fibrobacterota”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return increased anti-pathogen microbes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Outcome
- microbes with anti-pathogen activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the abundance of bulk soil Proteobacteria, rhizosphere soil Fibrobacterota, and microbes with anti-pathogen activity ( Lysobacteria, Sphingomonas, Chaetomium, and Minimedusa )”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass return reduced soil Neocosmospore pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Returning ryegrasst0
- Interactor
- Neocosmosporee0pathogen
- Outcome
- abundance of pathogenic fungi Neocosmospore genus in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi Neocosmospore genus in the soil”
t0“Returning ryegrass to continuous cropping soil improves soil nutrients and soil microbiome, producing good-quality flue-cured tobacco”
The same questions in other papers
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.