Abstract
Brassica spp. production can be negatively affected by clubroot, which is caused by the protozoan Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Most of the information on clubroot control is derived from studies in temperate regions. Here, management strategies were evaluated to reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions. The first experiment revealed the effect of green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control) associated with broccoli seedlings of 4 different sizes. In the second experiment, the effect of soil amendments (limestone and steel slag) in conjunction with poultry litter (fresh or composted for 45 days) and without poultry litter (control), was assessed. Both field experiments sought to evaluate the disease intensity, plant development (root growth, biomass, and nutrient accumulation), and yield. Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli. However, such benefits were not derived from corn treatment. Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops. Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth; however, clubroot intensity was not significantly affected. Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control; however, broccoli yield was not affected by the treatments. Using green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings is recommended as a strategy to reduce losses induced by clubroot during broccoli cultivation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sunn hemp green manure increased healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli relative to spontaneous vegetation in tropical mountain field trials.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- Sunn hempe3
- Outcome
- healthy root volumes and dry weightse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- spontaneous vegetatione2
- Setting
- tropical mountain regionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e2“green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control)”
e3“Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Coriander green manure increased healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli relative to spontaneous vegetation in tropical mountain field trials.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- coriander biomasse3
- Outcome
- healthy root volumes and dry weightse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- spontaneous vegetatione2
- Setting
- tropical mountain regionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e2“green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control)”
e3“Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweet corn green manure gave no benefit to healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- corn treatmente4
- Outcome
- healthy root volumes and dry weightse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Setting
- tropical mountain regionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e3“Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli”
e4“However, such benefits were not derived from corn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger broccoli seedlings lowered clubroot intensity compared with smaller seedlings in tropical mountain field trials.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age)e5
- Outcome
- intensity of clubroote5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age)e5
- Setting
- tropical mountain regionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e5“Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger broccoli seedlings increased average yield by 143% compared with smaller seedlings in summer crops.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age)e5
- Outcome
- average yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 143%e5
- Comparator
- smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age)e5
- Setting
- summer cropse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e5“Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag corrected soil acidity, like limestone.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Steel slage6
- Outcome
- soil aciditye6
- Direction
- correctede6
- Comparator
- limestonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e6“Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag resulted in plant growth of broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Steel slage6
- Outcome
- plant growthe6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e6“Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Steel slag did not significantly affect clubroot intensity.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- Steel slage6
- Outcome
- clubroot intensitye7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e6“Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth”
e7“however, clubroot intensity was not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots of broccoli compared with the control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- poultry littere0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Freshe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e0“Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots of broccoli compared with the control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- poultry littere0
- Outcome
- percentage of diseased rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- compostede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e0“Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry litter did not affect broccoli yield.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- poultry littere2
- Outcome
- broccoli yielde0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions”
e0“however, broccoli yield was not affected by the treatments”
e2“and without poultry litter (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings are recommended to reduce clubroot losses in broccoli cultivation.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- green manure (sunn hemp or coriander)e0
- Outcome
- reduce losses induced by clubroote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings is recommended as a strategy to reduce losses induced by clubroot during broccoli cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Crotalaria juncea · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Coriandrum sativum · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.