Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS: Botrytis cinerea is the primary disease affecting cucumber production. It can be managed by applying pesticides and cultivating disease-resistant cucumber strains. However, challenges, such as drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and changes in physiological strains, are obstacles in the effective management of B. cinerea. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) has potential in enhancing crop resistance to biological stress, but the exact mechanism for boosting disease resistance remains unclear. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics to examine how Nano-Se, as an immune activator, induces plant resistance. RESULT: Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%). Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated. A transcription analysis revealed that the CsaV3_4G002860 gene was up-regulated in the KEGG enrichment pathway in response to B. cinerea infection following the 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se treatment. DISCUSSION: In conclusion, the activation of the phenylpropane biosynthesis and branched-chain fatty acid pathways by Nano-Se promotes the accumulation of jasmonic acid and cucurbitacin in cucumber plants. This enhancement enables the plants to exhibit resistance against B. cinerea infections. Additionally, this study identified a potential candidate gene for cucumber resistance to B. cinerea induced by Nano-Se, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further research in this area. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber chlorophyll versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber catalase by 10.2% versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Gene
- catalasee0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber glutathione by 326.6% versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Outcome
- glutathionee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 326.6%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber glutathione peroxidase by 52.2% versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Gene
- glutathione peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- glutathione peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.2%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber cucurbitacin by 41.40% versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Outcome
- cucurbitacine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41.40%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Outcome
- metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se increased cucumber total antioxidant capacity by 21.3% versus the control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-See0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.3%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se up-regulated cucumber jasmonic acid by 14.8 times.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Nano-See1
- Outcome
- jasmonic acide0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 14.8 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated.”
e1“the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se up-regulated cucumber LOX by 264.1%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Nano-See1
- Gene
- LOXe0
- Outcome
- LOXe0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 264.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated.”
e1“the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se up-regulated cucumber LOX4 by 224.1%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Nano-See1
- Gene
- LOX4e0
- Outcome
- LOX4e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 224.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated.”
e1“the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se up-regulated cucumber AOC2 by 309.2%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Nano-See1
- Gene
- AOC2e0
- Outcome
- AOC2e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 309.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated.”
e1“the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
CsaV3_4G002860 was up-regulated after Nano-Se treatment and B. cinerea infection.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Gene
- CsaV3_4G002860e0
- Outcome
- CsaV3_4G002860 genee0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A transcription analysis revealed that the CsaV3_4G002860 gene was up-regulated in the KEGG enrichment pathway in response to B. cinerea infection following the 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se treatment.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute jasmonic acid and cucurbitacin accumulation to Nano-Se activation of phenylpropane and branched-chain fatty acid pathways.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Nano-See0
- Outcome
- accumulation of jasmonic acid and cucurbitacine0
- Qualifier
- activation of the phenylpropane biosynthesis and branched-chain fatty acid pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activation of the phenylpropane biosynthesis and branched-chain fatty acid pathways by Nano-Se promotes the accumulation of jasmonic acid and cucurbitacin in cucumber plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute cucumber resistance to B. cinerea to the metabolic enhancement.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance against B. cinerea infectionse0
- Qualifier
- This enhancemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This enhancement enables the plants to exhibit resistance against B. cinerea infections.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified a potential candidate gene for Nano-Se-induced cucumber resistance to B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Nano-See0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- potential candidate gene for cucumber resistance to B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study identified a potential candidate gene for cucumber resistance to B. cinerea induced by Nano-Se”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.